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Ta có ax + by = c ; by + cz = a
<=> cz - ax = a - c (1)
mà cz + ax = b (2)
Từ (1) và (2) => \(cz=\frac{a-c+b}{2}\Rightarrow z=\frac{a-c+b}{2c}\Rightarrow z+1=\frac{a+b+c}{2c}\)
=> \(\frac{1}{z+1}=\frac{2c}{a+b+c}\)
Tương tự ta có \(\frac{1}{x+1}=\frac{2a}{a+b+c}\); \(\frac{1}{y+1}=\frac{2b}{a+b+c}\)
=> P = \(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}=\frac{2a}{a+b+c}+\frac{2b}{a+b+c}+\frac{2c}{a+b+c}=2\)
Ta có: \(x+y+z=by+cz+ax+cz+ax+by=2\left(ax+by+cz\right)\)Thay \(z=ax+by\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z=2\left(z+cz\right)=2z\left(1+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{1+c}=\dfrac{2z}{x+y+z}\)
Tương tự:\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{1+a}=\dfrac{2x}{x+y+z}\\\dfrac{1}{1+b}=\dfrac{2y}{x+y+z}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{1}{1+a}+\dfrac{1}{1+b}+\dfrac{1}{1+c}=\dfrac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{x+y+z}=2\)Vậy A=2
\(x+y=by+cz+ax+cz=ax+by+2cz=z+2cz\)
\(\Rightarrow2cz=x+y-z\Rightarrow c=\frac{x+y-z}{2z}\Rightarrow c+1=\frac{x+y-z}{2z}+1=\frac{x+y+z}{2z}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{1+c}=\frac{2z}{x+y+z}\)
Tương tự ta có: \(\frac{1}{1+a}=\frac{2x}{x+y+z}\) ; \(\frac{1}{1+b}=\frac{2y}{x+y+z}\)
\(\Rightarrow Q=\frac{2x}{x+y+z}+\frac{2y}{x+y+z}+\frac{2z}{x+y+z}=\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{x+y+z}=2\)
Cộng vế với vế của ba đẳng thức ta đc :
\(x+y+z=2\left(ax+by+cz\right)\Rightarrow ax+by+cz=\frac{x+y+z}{2}\) (*)
Lấy (*) - (1) ta có : \(ax+by+cz-\left(by+cz\right)=\frac{x+y+z}{2}-x\)
<=> \(ax=\frac{y+z-x}{2}\Leftrightarrow a=\frac{y+z-x}{2x}\Rightarrow a+1=\frac{y+z-x}{2x}+1=\frac{x+y+z}{2x}\)
=> \(\frac{1}{a+1}=\frac{2x}{x+y+z}\)
CMTT với 1/b+1 và 1/c+1
=> ĐPCM
Cho x = by + cz ; y = ax + cz; z = ax + by.
\(CMR:A=\dfrac{1}{a+1}+\dfrac{1}{b+1}+\dfrac{1}{c+1}=2\)
Ta có
\(x-y=\left(by+cz\right)-\left(ax+cz\right)=by-ax\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\cdot\left(a+1\right)=y\cdot\left(b+1\right)\)
\(y-z=\left(ax+cz\right)-\left(ax+by\right)=cz-by\)
\(\Leftrightarrow z\cdot\left(c+1\right)=y\cdot\left(b+1\right)\)
\(x-z=\left(by+cz\right)-\left(ax+by\right)=cz-ax\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\cdot\left(a+1\right)=z\cdot\left(c+1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x\cdot\left(a+1\right)=z\cdot\left(c+1\right)=y\left(b+1\right)\)
Đặt \(x\cdot\left(a+1\right)=z\cdot\left(c+1\right)=y\left(b+1\right)=k\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+1=\dfrac{k}{x}\\b+1=\dfrac{k}{y}\\c+1=\dfrac{k}{z}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thay vào A, ta có :
\(A=\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{k}{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{k}{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{k}{z}}\)
\(=\dfrac{x}{k}+\dfrac{y}{k}+\dfrac{z}{k}\)
=\(\dfrac{x+y+z}{k}\)
Vì z = ax + by; x = cz + by; y = ax + cz nen :
\(k=z\cdot\left(c+1\right)=cz+z=cz+ax+by\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{2\cdot\left(ax+by+czz\right)}{ax+by+cz}=2\)
⇒ĐPCM
Có \(x=by+cz\)
=> \(x\left(1+a\right)=ax+x=ax+by+cz\)
=> \(\frac{1}{1+a}=\frac{x}{ax+by+cz}\)
=> \(\frac{a}{1+a}=\frac{ax}{ax+by+cz}\)
Có \(y=cz+ax\)
=> \(y\left(1+b\right)=by+y=by+cz+ax=ax+by+cz\)
=> \(\frac{1}{1+b}=\frac{y}{ax+by+cz}\)
=> \(\frac{b}{1+b}=\frac{by}{ax+by+cz}\)
Có \(z=ax+by\)
=> \(z\left(1+c\right)=cz+z=cz+ax+by=ax+by+cz\)
=> \(\frac{1}{1+c}=\frac{z}{ax+by+cz}\)
=> \(\frac{c}{1+c}=\frac{cz}{ax+by+cz}\)
=> \(M=\frac{a}{1+a}+\frac{b}{1+b}+\frac{c}{1+c}=\frac{ax}{ax+by+cz}+\frac{by}{ax+by+cz}+\frac{cz}{ax+by+cz}\)
\(=\frac{ax+by+cz}{ax+by+cz}=1\)
Vậy giá trị của M là 1