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\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+xz=0\)
\(A=\frac{yz}{x^2+yz+-xy-xz}+\frac{xz}{y^2+zx-xy-yz}+\frac{xy}{z^2+xy-xz-yz}\)
\(A=\frac{yz}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}+\frac{xz}{\left(y-z\right)\left(y-x\right)}+\frac{xy}{\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)}\)
\(A=\frac{yz\left(y-z\right)-xz\left(x-z\right)+xy\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x-z\right)\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)}\)
\(A=\frac{\left(z-x\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(y-x\right)}{\left(x-z\right)\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)}=1\)
Lời giải:
\(P=\sum \frac{1}{2xy^2+1}=\sum (1-\frac{2xy^2}{2xy^2+1})\)
\(=3-2\sum\frac{xy^2}{2xy^2+1}\geq 3-2\sum \frac{xy^2}{3\sqrt[3]{x^2y^4}}\) theo BĐT AM-GM.
\(=3-\frac{2}{3}\sum \sqrt[3]{xy^2}\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\sqrt[3]{xy^2}\leq \frac{x+y+y}{3}\Rightarrow \sum \sqrt[3]{xy^2}\leq \frac{3(x+y+z)}{3}=3\)
$\Rightarrow P\geq 3-\frac{2}{3}.3=1$
Vậy $P_{\min}=1$. Giá trị này đạt tại $x=y=z=1$
\(5x^2+2xy+2y^2-\left(4x^2+4xy+y^2\right)=\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow5x^2+2xy+2y^2\ge4x^2+4xy+y^2=\left(2x+y\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{2x+y}+\dfrac{1}{2y+z}+\dfrac{1}{2z+x}=\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{9}{x+x+y}+\dfrac{9}{y+y+z}+\dfrac{9}{z+z+x}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{3}{x}+\dfrac{3}{y}+\dfrac{3}{z}\right)=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=1\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{y}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\ge\dfrac{1}{y}.\dfrac{4}{x+z}=\dfrac{4}{y\left(x+z\right)}\ge\dfrac{4}{\dfrac{\left(y+x+z\right)^2}{4}}=4\)
\(P_{min}=4\) khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{2};1;\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)