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\(\dfrac{x-y}{z^2+1}=\dfrac{x-y}{z^2+xy+yz+zx}=\dfrac{x-y}{z\left(z+y\right)+x\left(z+y\right)}=\dfrac{x-y}{\left(x+z\right)\left(z+y\right)}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{y-z}{x^2+1}=\dfrac{y-z}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}\);\(\dfrac{z-x}{y^2+1}=\dfrac{z-x}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}\)
Cộng vế với vế \(\Rightarrow VT=\dfrac{x-y}{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\dfrac{y-z}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\dfrac{z-x}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)+\left(y-z\right)\left(y+z\right)+\left(z-x\right)\left(z+x\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^2-y^2+y^2-z^2+z^2-x^2}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}=0\)(đpcm)
\(xy+yz+zx=8xyz\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=8\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{8}{x}+\dfrac{8}{y}+\dfrac{8}{z}=64\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{8}{x}+\dfrac{8}{y}+\dfrac{8}{z}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+...+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{y}+...+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{z}+...+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\)
(sau dấu chấm là bốn số tương tự).
\(\ge^{Cauchy-Schwarz}\dfrac{8^2}{6x+y+z}+\dfrac{8^2}{6y+z+x}+\dfrac{8^2}{6z+x+y}\)
\(\Rightarrow64\ge\dfrac{8^2}{6x+y+z}+\dfrac{8^2}{6y+z+x}+\dfrac{8^2}{6z+x+y}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{6x+y+z}+\dfrac{1}{6y+z+x}+\dfrac{1}{6z+x+y}\le1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{3}{8}\)
Vậy \(Max\) của biểu thức đã cho là 1.
Đặt \(A=x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz+zx\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunyakovsky dạng phân thức, ta được: \(2A=x^2+y^2+z^2+\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}+\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)
\(=\frac{4\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}=12\Rightarrow A\ge6\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1
⇔3x2+2y2+2z2+2yz=2⇔3x2+2y2+2z2+2yz=2
⇒2≥3x2+2y2+2z2+y2+z2⇒2≥3x2+2y2+2z2+y2+z2
⇔2≥3(x2+y2+z2)⇔2≥3(x2+y2+z2)
Có: (x+y+z)2≤3(x2+y2+z2)≤2(x+y+z)2≤3(x2+y2+z2)≤2
⇒⇒A2≤2A2≤2 ⇔A∈[−√2;√2]⇔A∈[−2;2]
minA=-1⇔⇔{x+y+z=−√2x=y=z{x+y+z=−2x=y=z ⇒x=y=z=−√23⇒x=y=z=−23
maxA=1⇔{x+y+z=√2x=y=z⇔{x+y+z=2x=y=z ⇒x=y=z=√23
Cách 1:
Ta có \(A=xy+yz+2zx\)
\(\Rightarrow A+1=x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz+2zx\)
\(=\left(x+z+\frac{y}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}y^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge-1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}y=0\\x=-z\end{cases}}\)
Ta có : \(\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow xy+yz+zx\ge\frac{-\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}{2}=-\frac{1}{2}\)
Lại có : \(\left(x+z\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow xz\ge\frac{-\left(x^2+z^2\right)}{2}=\frac{y^2-1}{2}\ge-\frac{1}{2}\)
Khi đó : \(xy+yz+2zx\ge-1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}y=o\\x^2=z^2=\frac{1}{2}\end{cases}}\)
\(2P-2=2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)-2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+x^2\left(y-z\right)^2+y^2\left(z-x\right)^2+z^2\left(x-y\right)^2\)
\(=-\left(x-y\right)^2-\left(y-z\right)^2-\left(z-x\right)^2+x^2\left(y-z\right)^2+y^2\left(z-x\right)^2+z^2\left(x-y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)^2\left(z^2-1\right)+\left(y-z\right)^2\left(x^2-1\right)+\left(z-x\right)^2\left(y^2-1\right)\le0\)
\(\text{( Do }x^2;y^2;z^2\le1\text{)}\)
\(\Rightarrow2P\le2\Rightarrow P\le1\)
\(\text{Dấu bằng xảy ra khi và chỉ khi 1 trong 3 số bằng 1; 2 số còn lại bằng 0.}\)