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\(P=\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{x}{y}+\left(\dfrac{x}{3y}+3xy+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}\right)+12\left(xy+\dfrac{1}{9}\right)-2\)
\(P\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{xy}}+4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{3x^2y}{27y}}+12.2\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{9}}-2\)
\(P\ge4\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{3}}+8\sqrt{xy}=4\left(2\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{3}}\right)=4\)
\(P_{min}=4\) khi \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(c,P=\dfrac{x^2-x^2+8xy-16y^2}{x^2+4y^2}=\dfrac{8\left(\dfrac{x}{y}\right)-16}{\left(\dfrac{x}{y}\right)^2+4}\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{y}=t\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P=\dfrac{8t-16}{t^2+4}\Leftrightarrow Pt^2+4P=8t-16\\ \Leftrightarrow Pt^2-8t+4P+16=0\)
Với \(P=0\Leftrightarrow t=2\)
Với \(P\ne0\Leftrightarrow\Delta'=16-P\left(4P+16\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-P^2-4P+4\ge0\Leftrightarrow-2-2\sqrt{2}\le P\le-2+2\sqrt{2}\)
Vậy \(P_{max}=-2+2\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow t=\dfrac{4}{P}=\dfrac{4}{-2+2\sqrt{2}}=2+\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}=2+2\sqrt{2}\)
Câu 2:
\(A-4=2x+3y\Rightarrow\left(A-4\right)^2=\left(2x+3y\right)^2\)
\(\left(A-4\right)^2\le\left(2^2+3^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)=676\)
\(\Rightarrow-26\le A-4\le26\)
\(\Rightarrow-22\le A\le30\)
\(A_{max}=30\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\y=6\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(A_{min}=-22\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-4\\y=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(2x+3y=1\Rightarrow y=\frac{1-2x}{3}\)
Do \(x;y\ge0\Rightarrow0\le x\le\frac{1}{2}\)
\(A=x^2+3\left(\frac{1-2x}{3}\right)^2=x^2+\frac{1}{3}\left(4x^2-4x+1\right)=\frac{7}{3}x^2-\frac{4}{3}x+\frac{1}{3}\)
\(A=\frac{7}{3}\left(x-\frac{2}{7}\right)^2+\frac{1}{7}\ge\frac{1}{7}\)
\(\Rightarrow A_{min}=\frac{1}{7}\) khi \(x=\frac{2}{7};y=\frac{1}{7}\)
Mặt khác \(A=\frac{1}{3}x\left(7x-4\right)+\frac{1}{3}\)
Do \(x\le\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow7x-4< 0\Rightarrow x\left(7x-4\right)\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le\frac{1}{3}\Rightarrow A_{max}=\frac{1}{3}\) khi \(x=0;y=\frac{1}{3}\)