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Ta có \(\frac{1}{P}=\frac{\left(x+yz\right)\left(y+zx\right)\left(z+xy\right)^2}{x^3y^3}=\frac{x+yz}{y}\cdot\frac{y+zx}{x}\cdot\frac{\left(z+xy\right)^2}{x^2y^2}\)
\(=\left(\frac{x}{y}+z\right)\left(\frac{y}{x}+z\right)\left(\frac{z}{xy}+1\right)^2=\left[1+\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{x}{y}\right)z+x^2\right]\left(\frac{z}{xy}+1\right)^2\ge\left(1+2x+x^2\right)\)\(\left[\frac{4x}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+1\right]^2\)\(=\left(z+1\right)^2\left[\frac{4z}{\left(z-1\right)^2}+1\right]^2=\left[\frac{4z\left(z+1\right)}{\left(z-1\right)^2}+1\right]^2=\left[6+\frac{12}{z-1}+\frac{8}{\left(z-1\right)^2}+z-1\right]^2\)
\(=\left[6+\frac{12}{z-1}+\frac{3\left(z-1\right)}{4}+\frac{8}{\left(z-1\right)^2}+\frac{z-1}{8}+\frac{z-1}{8}\right]\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cosi ta có:
\(\frac{1}{P}\ge\left[6+2\sqrt{\frac{12}{z-1}\cdot\frac{3\left(z-1\right)}{3}}+3\sqrt[3]{\frac{8}{\left(z-1\right)^2}\cdot\frac{z-1}{8}\cdot\frac{z-1}{8}}\right]^2=\frac{729}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{4}{729}\). dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=y=2\\z=5\end{cases}}\)
Ta co:
\(9=x^2+y^2\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}\Rightarrow-3\sqrt{2}\le x+y\le3\sqrt{2}\)
Dat \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=x+y\\b=xy\end{cases}\left(a\ne-3,-3\sqrt{2}\le a\le3\sqrt{2}\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2-2b=9\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{2}-\frac{9}{2}=b\)
\(\Rightarrow Q=\frac{b}{a+3}=\frac{a^2-9}{2a+6}=\frac{a-3}{2}=\frac{x+y-3}{2}\)
Xet \(0\le x+y\le3\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow Q=\frac{x+y-3}{2}\le\frac{\sqrt{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}-3}{2}=\frac{3\sqrt{2}-3}{2}\)
Dau '=' xay ra khi \(x=y=\frac{3}{\sqrt{2}}\)
Xet \(-3\sqrt{2}\le x+y< 0\)
\(\Rightarrow Q=\frac{x+y-3}{2}\ge\frac{-3\sqrt{2}-3}{2}\)
Dau '=' xay ra khi \(x=y=-\frac{3}{\sqrt{2}}\)
Lời giải:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} x+y\leq 2\\ x^2+xy+y^2=3\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} (x+y)^2\leq 4\\ x^2+xy+y^2=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow (x+y)^2-(x^2+xy+y^2)\leq 1\Leftrightarrow xy\leq 1\)
Do đó:
\(t=x^2+y^2-xy=(x^2+y^2+xy)-2xy=3-2xy\geq 3-2.1=1\)
Mặt khác:
\(\frac{x^2-xy+y^2}{x^2+xy+y^2}=\frac{x^2+xy+y^2-2xy}{x^2+y^2+xy}=1-\frac{2xy}{x^2+xy+y^2}=3-(2+\frac{2xy}{x^2+xy+y^2})\)
\(=3-\frac{2(x+y)^2}{x^2+xy+y^2}=3-\frac{2(x+y)^2}{3}\leq 3\)
\(\Rightarrow t= x^2-xy+y^2\leq 3(x^2+xy+y^2)=3.3=9\)
Vậy \(t_{\min}=1\Leftrightarrow x=y=1\)
\(t_{\max}=9\Leftrightarrow (x,y)=(\sqrt{3}; -\sqrt{3})\)và hoán vị
+ \(x^2+y^2=9\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2-9=2xy\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y+3\right)\left(x+y-3\right)=2xy\Rightarrow x+y+3=\frac{2xy}{x+y-3}\)
\(\Rightarrow Q=\frac{xy}{\frac{2xy}{x+y-3}}=\frac{x+y-3}{2}\le\frac{\sqrt{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}-3}{2}=\frac{3\sqrt{2}-3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
x+y=t=>\(xy=\frac{t^2-9}{2}\)
!\(\orbr{\begin{cases}2xy\le9\\x+y=t\end{cases}\Rightarrow}!t!\le3\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow q=\frac{t^2-9}{2\left(t+3\right)}\Rightarrow t\ne-3\Rightarrow Q=\left(\frac{t-3}{2}\right)\)
Hiển nhiên t càng lớn => Q càng lớn
=> \(Q_{max}=Q\left(3\sqrt{2}\right)=\frac{3\sqrt{2}-3}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)\) Đạt đươc khi t=\(3\sqrt{2}\)
Giải hệ
\(\hept{\begin{cases}2xy=9\\x+y=3\sqrt{2}\end{cases}}\Rightarrow x=y=\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}\)