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1.
Đầu tiên ta cm: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\forall a,b>0\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=\frac{a+b}{ab}\ge\frac{2\sqrt{ab}}{ab}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{ab}}\ge\frac{2}{\frac{a+b}{2}}=\frac{4}{a+b}\) (cô si)
Dấu "=" khi a = b.
Áp dụng:
\(\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{2}{xy}+4xy\) \(=\left(\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{2xy}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{4xy}+4xy\right)+\frac{5}{4xy}\)
\(\ge\frac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4xy}\cdot4xy}+\frac{5}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\)
\(=4+2+5=11\)
Vậy MinA = 11 khi \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(P=\frac{x^2+1}{x^2-x+1}\Leftrightarrow x^2+1=P\left(x^2-x+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+1-Px^2+Px-P=0\)(*)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-P\right)x^2+Px+\left(1-P\right)=0\)
\(\Delta=P^2-4\left(1-P\right)^2\)
\(=P^2-4\left(1-2P+P^2\right)=-3P^2+8P-4\)
Để P có GTNN và GTLN thì phương trình (*) có nghiệm
\(\Leftrightarrow\Delta\ge0\Leftrightarrow-3P^2+8P-4\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-3P^2+2P+6P-4\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-P\left(3P-2\right)+2\left(3P-2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3P-2\right)\left(2-P\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{3}\le P\le2\)
Vậy \(min_P=\frac{2}{3}\Leftrightarrow x=-1\); \(max_P=2\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
\(A=\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{2}{xy}+4xy=\left(\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{2xy}\right)+\left(4xy+\frac{1}{4xy}\right)+\frac{5}{4xy}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{x^2+2xy+y^2}+2+\frac{5}{\left(x+y\right)^2}=4+2+5=11\)
A = \(\frac{7}{2}\left(\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{2xy}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{4xy}+4xy\right)-\frac{5}{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\)
Áp dụng bđt cauchy là ra bài
Từ BĐT \(\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\) ta suy ra \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\) và \(\frac{1}{xy}\ge\frac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\)
Ta có : \(P=\frac{20}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{11}{xy}=20\left(\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{2xy}\right)+\frac{1}{xy}\ge20.\frac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+\frac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\ge\frac{80}{4}+\frac{4}{4}=21\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = y = 1
Vậy Min P = 21 khi x = y = 1
Ta có :
\(P=\frac{20}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{11}{xy}\)
\(=20.\left[\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{2xy}\right]+\frac{1}{xy}\)
\(\ge20\cdot\frac{4}{x^2+y^2+2xy}+\frac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\)
\(\ge20\cdot\frac{4}{2^2}+\frac{4}{2^2}=21\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=1\)
Vậy \(P_{min}=21\) khi \(x=y=1\)
Ta có: \(xy+yz+zx=xyz\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=1\)
Đặt \(a=\frac{1}{x};b=\frac{1}{y};c=\frac{1}{z}\)ta có: \(a,b,c>0;a+b+c=1\)do đó 0<a,b,c<1
\(P=\frac{b^2}{a}+\frac{c^2}{b}+\frac{a^2}{c}+6\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(=\frac{b^2}{a}+\frac{c^2}{b}+\frac{a^2}{c}+2\left(a+b+c\right)^2-\left(a-b\right)^2-\left(b-c\right)^2-\left(c-a\right)^2+3\)
\(=\left(\frac{b^2}{a}-2b+a\right)+\left(\frac{c^2}{b}-2c+b\right)+\left(\frac{a^2}{c}-2a+c\right)-\left(a-b\right)^2-\left(b-c\right)^2-\left(c-a\right)^2+3\)
\(=\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{a}+\frac{\left(b-c\right)^2}{b}+\frac{\left(c-a\right)^2}{c}-\left(a-b\right)^2-\left(b-c\right)^2-\left(c-a\right)^2+3\)
\(=\frac{\left(1-a\right)\left(a-b\right)^2}{a}+\frac{\left(1-b\right)\left(b-c\right)^2}{b}+\frac{\left(1-c\right)\left(c-a\right)^2}{c}+3\ge3\)
Vậy GTNN của P=3
Điểm rơi: \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}.\)
\(A=\left(\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{2xy}\right)+\left(4xy+\frac{1}{4xy}\right)+\frac{5}{4xy}\)
\(\ge\frac{1}{x^2+y^2+2xy}+2\sqrt{4xy.\frac{1}{4xy}}+\frac{5}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+2+\frac{5}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\ge2+\frac{6}{1^2}=8\)
Ta có:
\(P=20\left(\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{2xy}\right)+\frac{1}{xy}\)
\(\ge20\cdot\frac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+\frac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\ge21\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge21\)
Dấu = khi x=y=1
\(S=\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{2}{xy}+4xy=\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{2xy}+\frac{3}{2xy}+4xy\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+\frac{3}{2xy}+4xy\ge\frac{4}{\frac{1}{4}}+\frac{3}{2xy}+384xy-380xy\)
\(\ge16+2\cdot24-380xy=64-380xy\)
+) \(\frac{1}{2}\ge x+y\ge2\sqrt{xy}\Rightarrow\frac{1}{4}\ge4xy\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{16}\ge xy\)
\(\Rightarrow-380xy\ge380\cdot\frac{1}{16}=23.75\)
\(\Rightarrow S\ge64-23.75=40.25\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=y=1/4
Tại sao \(\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{2xy}\le\frac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\) ?