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Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x}=p\\\sqrt{y}=q\\\sqrt{z}=r\end{cases}}\). Khi đó \(\hept{\begin{cases}p+q+r=1\\p,q,r>0\end{cases}}\)
và ta cần chứng minh \(\frac{pq}{\sqrt{p^2+q^2+2r^2}}+\frac{qr}{\sqrt{q^2+r^2+2p^2}}+\frac{rp}{\sqrt{r^2+p^2+2q^2}}\le\frac{1}{2}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{pq}{\sqrt{p^2+q^2+2r^2}}=\frac{2pq}{\sqrt{\left(1+1+2\right)\left(p^2+q^2+2r^2\right)}}\)
\(\le\frac{2pq}{p+q+2r}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{pq}{p+r}+\frac{pq}{q+r}\right)\)(Theo BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz và BĐT \(\frac{1}{u}+\frac{1}{v}\ge\frac{4}{u+v}\)) (1)
Hoàn toàn tương tự: \(\frac{qr}{\sqrt{q^2+r^2+2p^2}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{qr}{q+p}+\frac{qr}{r+p}\right)\)(2); \(\frac{rp}{\sqrt{r^2+p^2+2q^2}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{rp}{r+q}+\frac{rp}{p+q}\right)\)(3)
Cộng theo vế của 3 BĐT (1), (2), (3), ta được: \(\frac{pq}{\sqrt{p^2+q^2+2r^2}}+\frac{qr}{\sqrt{q^2+r^2+2p^2}}+\frac{rp}{\sqrt{r^2+p^2+2q^2}}\)\(\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{r\left(p+q\right)}{p+q}+\frac{p\left(q+r\right)}{q+r}+\frac{q\left(r+p\right)}{r+p}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\left(p+q+r\right)=\frac{1}{2}\)(Do p + q + r = 1)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(p=q=r=\frac{1}{3}\)hay \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{9}\)
a/ \(\frac{2x+1}{\sqrt{x^2+2}}+\left(x+1\right)\left(\sqrt{1+\frac{2x+1}{x^2+2}}-1\right)+2x+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2x+1}{\sqrt{x^2+2}}+\frac{\left(x+1\right)\left(2x+1\right)}{\sqrt{1+\frac{2x+1}{x^2+2}}+1}+2x+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+1\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x^2+2}}+\frac{x+1}{\sqrt{1+\frac{2x+1}{x^2+2}}+1}+1\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-\frac{1}{2}\)
b/ \(Q\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}+\frac{\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)^2}{xy+yz+zx}\ge\frac{x+y+z}{xyz}+\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^3}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}\)
\(Q\ge\frac{27\left(x+y+z\right)}{\left(x+y+z\right)^3}+\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^6}{27\left(x+y+z\right)^2}=\frac{27}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}+\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^4}{27}\)
\(Q\ge\frac{27}{64\left(x+y+z\right)^2}+\frac{27}{64\left(x+y+z\right)^2}+\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^4}{27}+\frac{837}{32\left(x+y+z\right)^2}\)
\(Q\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{27^2\left(x+y+z\right)^4}{64^2.27\left(x+y+z\right)^4}}+\frac{837}{32.\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^2}=\frac{195}{16}\)
"=" \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{1}{2}\)
Nguyễn Trúc Giang, Duy Khang, Vũ Minh Tuấn, Võ Hồng Phúc, tth, No choice teen, Phạm Lan Hương,
Nguyễn Lê Phước Thịnh, @Nguyễn Việt Lâm, @Akai Haruma
giúp em vs ạ! Cần trước 5h chiều nay ạ
Thanks nhiều
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(x^2+y^2\ge2xy\Rightarrow2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge x^2+y^2+2xy=\left(x+y\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{2x^2+xy+2y^2}=\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}+\dfrac{3\left(x^2+y^2\right)}{2}}\)
\(\ge\sqrt{\dfrac{5\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+y\right)}{2}\). Tương tự ta có:
\(\sqrt{2y^2+yz+2z^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(y+z\right)}{2};\sqrt{2z^2+xz+2x^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+z\right)}{2}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VT\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+y\right)}{2}+\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(y+z\right)}{2}+\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+z\right)}{2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\cdot2\left(x+y+z\right)}{2}=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\cdot2}{2}=\sqrt{5}=VP\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Áp dụng cô si
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{ab}}\\\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{cb}}\\\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{ac}}\end{cases}}\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{a}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{bc}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{ac}}\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=0\)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x}\le\frac{x+1}{2}\\\sqrt{y-1}\le\frac{y-1+1}{2}\\\sqrt{z-2}\le\frac{z-2+1}{2}\end{cases}}\)\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y-1}+\sqrt{z-2}\le\frac{x+1+y-1+1+z-2+1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y-1}+\sqrt{z-2}\le\frac{x+y+z}{2}\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=2\\z=3\end{cases}}\)
Sửa ĐK của c) : a, b, c > 0
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy ta có :
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{ab}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{ab}}\)
\(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{bc}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{bc}}\)
\(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{ca}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{ca}}\)
Cộng các vế tương ứng
=> \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{ab}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{bc}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{ca}}\)
=> \(2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{bc}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{ca}}\right)\)
=> \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{bc}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{ca}}\)
=> đpcm
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c
Đặt \(\left(a,b,c\right)=\left(\sqrt{x},\sqrt{y},\sqrt{z}\right)\).
Xét 4 số m, n, p, q. Ta sẽ chứng minh \(\left(m+n+p+q\right)^2\le4\left(m^2+n^2+p^2+q^2\right)\) (*)
Thật vậy:
(*) \(\Leftrightarrow2\left(mn+np+pq+qm+mp+nq\right)\le3\left(m^2+n^2+p^2+q^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(m-n\right)^2+\left(n-p\right)^2+\left(p-q\right)^2+\left(q-m\right)^2+\left(m-p\right)^2+\left(n-q\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng).
Từ đó: \(\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+2\sqrt{z}\right)^2=\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}+\sqrt{z}\right)^2\le4\left(x+y+z+z\right)=4\left(x+y+2z\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+2\sqrt{z}\le2\sqrt{x+y+2z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\frac{xy}{x+y+2z}}=\frac{\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{x+y+2z}}\le\frac{2\sqrt{x}\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+2\sqrt{z}}=\frac{2ab}{a+b+2c}\le\frac{1}{2}ab\frac{4}{\left(a+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)}\le\frac{1}{2}ab\left(\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{b+c}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}\right)\)
Tương tự, ta có:
\(\sum\sqrt{\frac{xy}{x+y+2z}}\le\frac{1}{2}\sum\left(\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\sum\left(\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{bc}{c+a}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\sum a=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(VT=\sum\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)+\frac{3}{2}\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\)
\(VT\ge\sum\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2}=\sum\sqrt{\frac{5}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2}\)
\(VT\ge\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(x+y\right)+\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(y+z\right)+\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(z+x\right)\)
\(VT\ge\sqrt{5}\left(x+y+z\right)=\sqrt{5}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
CM bđt \(a+b+c\le\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\).Dấu "=" xảy ra <=>a=b=c
Áp dụng bđt trên có :
\(\sqrt{2x+5}+\sqrt{2y+5}+\sqrt{2z+5}\le\sqrt{3\left(2x+5+2y+5+2z+5\right)}=\sqrt{3\left[2\left(x+y+z\right)+15\right]}=\sqrt{3\left(2.1+15\right)}=\sqrt{51}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(2x+5=2y+5=2z+5\)
<=> \(x=y=z\)=> \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\left(tm\right)\)