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Câu 7 :
\(n_{H2SO4}=0,1.1=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(H_2SO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
\(n_{NaOH}=2n_{H2SO4}=2.0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{0,2}{1}=0,2\left(l\right)=200\left(ml\right)\)
Câu 8 :
\(n_{H2SO4}=0,5.0,7=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(H_2SO_4+2KOH\rightarrow K_2SO_4+H_2O\)
\(n_{KOH}=2n_{H2SO4}=2.0,35=0,7\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{0,7.56}{12\%}.100\%=326,67\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{326,67}{1,15}=284,06\left(ml\right)\)
Câu 12 :
a) \(2Cu+O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2CuO\)
\(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\)
\(CuCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl\)
\(Cu\left(OH\right)_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}CuO+H_2O\)
\(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
\(CuSO_4+Fe\rightarrow FeSO_4+Cu\downarrow\)
b) \(MgSO_4+2KOH\rightarrow Mg\left(OH\right)_2+K_2SO_4\)
\(Mg\left(OH\right)_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}MgO+H_2O\)
\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)
\(MgCl_2+2AgNO_3\rightarrow Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2+2AgCl\)
\(Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2+Na_2CO_3\rightarrow MgCO_3+2NaNO_3\)
\(MgCO_3\xrightarrow[]{t^o}MgO+CO_2\)
c) \(2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\)
\(NaOH=HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
\(2NaCl+2H_2O\xrightarrow[cmn]{đpdd}2NaOH+H_2+Cl_2\)
\(Cl_2+H_2\xrightarrow[]{as}2HCl\)
\(HCl+Fe\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(FeCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl\)
\(Fe\left(OH\right)_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+2H_2O\)
\(FeSO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow FeCl_2+BaSO_4\)
\(FeCl_2+2AgNO_3\rightarrow Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2+2AgCl\)
\(Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2+Mg\rightarrow Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2+Fe\)
e) \(4Al+3O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2Al_2O_3\)
\(Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\)
\(Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6KOH\rightarrow2Al\left(OH\right)_3+3K_2SO_4\)
\(Al\left(OH\right)_3+3HNO_3\rightarrow Al\left(NO_3\right)_3+3H_2O\)
\(Al\left(NO_3\right)_2+Mg\rightarrow Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2+Âl\)
\(2Al+3Cl_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2AlCl_3\)
Bạn xem đề chỗ AlCl3 ra Al2(SO4)3 nhé
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
a, \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{6}\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Al}=\dfrac{1}{6}.27=4,5\left(g\right)\)
b, \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,25}{0,2}=1,25\left(M\right)\)
c, \(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{12}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{12}.342=28,5\left(g\right)\)
Bắt đầu xuất hiện kết tủa nghĩa là: NaOH đầu tiên sẽ trung hòa HCl dư trước
NaOH + HCldư → NaCl + H2O
0,2 ←0,2
→ 2V1 = 0,2 → V1 = 0,1
Đến khi kết tủa không thay đổi khối lượng thì khi đó kết tủa bị hòa tan hết.
3NaOH + AlCl3 → 3NaCl + Al(OH)3↓
3x ←x → x
NaOH + Al(OH)3 → NaAlO2 + 2H2O
x ←x
→ 0,2 + 4x = 0,6.2 → x = 0,25
=> y = 0,025
=> m = 17,75g
Ta có: \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200}{1000}.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:Mg+2HCl--->MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\left(1\right)\)
a. Theo PT(1): \(n_{Mg}=n_{H_2}=n_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{HCl}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,4=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,2.24=4,8\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(lít\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b. \(PTHH:2NaOH+MgCl_2--->Mg\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow+2NaCl\left(2\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{\dfrac{20\%.100}{100\%}}{40}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
Ta thấy: \(\dfrac{0,5}{2}>\dfrac{0,2}{1}\)
Vậy NaOH dư.
Theo PT(2): \(n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{MgCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2.58=11,6\left(g\right)\)
a: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
200ml=0,2 lít
\(n_{HCl}=0.2\cdot22.4=4.48\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n_{H_2}=2.24\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m_{H_2}=n_{H_2}\cdot M=2.24\cdot1=2.24\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{MgCl_2}=2.24\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n_{Mg}=2.24\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m_{Mg}=2.24\cdot24=53.76\left(g\right)\)
1 , \(n_{Na}=\frac{4,6}{23}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=200.2,92\%=5,84\left(mol\right)\) => \(n_{HCl}=\frac{5,84}{36,5}=0,16\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Na+2HCl->2NaCl+H_2\left(1\right)\)
vì \(\frac{0,2}{2}>\frac{0,16}{2}\) => Na dư , HCl hết
dung dịch thu được là dung dịch NaCl
theo (1) \(n_{NaCl}=n_{HCl}=0,16\left(mol\right)\) => \(m_{NaCl}=0,16.58,5=9,36\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\frac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,08\left(mol\right)\)
khối lượng dung dịch sau phản ứng là
4,6+200-0,08.2=204,44(g)
\(C_{\%\left(NaCl\right)}=\frac{9,36}{204,44}.100\%\approx4,58\%\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=C_M.V=1,5.0,2=0,3mol\)
\(n_{Fe}=\frac{m}{M}=\frac{2,8}{56}=0,05mol\)
PTHH:
\(H_2SO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow2H_2O+Na_2SO_4\left(1\right)\)
Vì \(Na_2SO_4\)không phản ứng với Fe
⇒\(H_2SO_4\)dư để phản ứng với Fe.
PTHH:
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\left(2\right)\)
0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05(mol)
⇒\(V_1\)=0,05.22,4=1,12l
\(n_{H_2SO_4}^{\left(1\right)}=n_{H_2SO_4}^{\left(bđ\right)}-n_{H_2SO_4}^{\left(2\right)}=\)0,3-0,05=0,25mol
Qua PT(1)
⇒\(n_{NaOH}=\frac{1}{2}n^{\left(1\right)}_{H_2SO_4}=\frac{1}{2}.0,25=0,125mol\)
\(V_{ddNaOH}=\frac{n}{C_M}=\frac{0,125}{1}=0,125l=125ml\)