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Ta có: \(AC^2+BD^2=\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}\right)^2+\left(\overrightarrow{BC}+\overrightarrow{BA}\right)^2\)
\(=AB^2+AD^2+2\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AD}+BC^2+BA^2+2\overrightarrow{BA}.\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(=AB^2+AD^2+BC^2+AD^2+2\overrightarrow{AB}\left(\overrightarrow{AD}-\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
\(=AB^2+AD^2+BC^2+AD^2\)
a, \(\left(\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{AB}\right)^2=\overrightarrow{BC}^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow AC^2+AB^2-2\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AC}=BC^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AC}=AB^2+AC^2-BC^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AC}=\dfrac{AB^2+AC^2-BC^2}{2}=\dfrac{5^2+8^2-7^2}{2}=20\)
b, \(2\overrightarrow{CA}.\overrightarrow{CB}=CA^2+CB^2-BC^2=CA^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{CA}.\overrightarrow{CB}=\dfrac{CA^2}{2}=\dfrac{8^2}{2}=32\)
Lời giải:
a)
\(\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{AB}=\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(\Rightarrow (\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{AB})^2=\overrightarrow{BC}^2\Leftrightarrow AB^2+AC^2-2\overrightarrow{AC}.\overrightarrow{AB}=BC^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 2\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AC}=AB^2+AC^2-BC^2\) (đpcm)
Ta có:
\(\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AC}=\frac{AB^2+AC^2-BC^2}{2}=\frac{5^2+8^2-7^2}{2}=20\)
\(\cos \angle A=\frac{\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AC}}{|\overrightarrow{AB}|.|\overrightarrow{AC}|}=\frac{20}{5.8}=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow \angle A=60^0\)
b)
Tương tự phần a, \(\overrightarrow{CA}.\overrightarrow{CB}=\frac{CA^2+CB^2-AB^2}{2}=\frac{8^2+7^2-5^2}{2}=44\)
a) Chữa đề: \(\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{DB}=\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{DA}=2\overrightarrow{NM}\)
\(Ta\text{ }có:\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{DB}=\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{DA}+\overrightarrow{AB}\\ =\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{DA}+\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AB}\right)=\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{DA}\)
\(\)\(\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{DB}=\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{DC}\\ =2\overrightarrow{CM}+2\overrightarrow{NC}=2\left(\overrightarrow{NC}+\overrightarrow{CM}\right)=2\overrightarrow{NM}\)
Vậy \(\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{DB}=\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{DA}=2\overrightarrow{NM}\)
\(\text{b) }\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{BD}+\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{BC}=-\left(\overrightarrow{DA}+\overrightarrow{DB}+\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{CB}\right)\\ =-\left[\left(\overrightarrow{DA}+\overrightarrow{DB}\right)+\left(\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{CB}\right)\right]\\ =-\left(2\overrightarrow{DM}+2\overrightarrow{CM}\right)=2\left(\overrightarrow{MD}+\overrightarrow{MC}\right)=4\left(\overrightarrow{MN}\right)\)
\(\text{c) }2\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AI}+\overrightarrow{NA}+\overrightarrow{DA}\right)\\ =2\left[\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{DA}\right)+\left(\overrightarrow{AI}+\overrightarrow{NA}\right)\right]\\ =2\left[\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{DB}\right)+\overrightarrow{NI}\right]=2\left(\overrightarrow{DB}+\overrightarrow{NI}\right)\)
Mà IN là dường trung bình \(\Delta BCD\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}IN//BD\\IN=\frac{1}{2}BD\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{IN}=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BD}\\ \Rightarrow2\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AI}+\overrightarrow{NA}+\overrightarrow{DA}\right)\\ =2\left(\overrightarrow{DB}+\overrightarrow{NI}\right)=2\left(\overrightarrow{DB}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{DB}\right)=2\cdot\frac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{DB}=3\overrightarrow{DB}\)
Áp dụng quy tắc ba điểm ta có:
\(\overrightarrow a = \overrightarrow {AC} + \overrightarrow {CB} = \overrightarrow {AB} \); \(\overrightarrow b = \overrightarrow {DB} + \overrightarrow {BC} = \overrightarrow {DC} \)
Mà ABCD là hình thang nên AB//DC. Mặt khác vectơ \(\overrightarrow {AB} \) và vectơ \(\overrightarrow {DC} \) đều có hướng từ trái sang phải, suy ra vectơ \(\overrightarrow {AB} \) và vectơ \(\overrightarrow {DC} \)cùng hướng
Vậy hai vectơ \(\overrightarrow a \) và \(\overrightarrow b \) cùng hướng.
a: \(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{DC}=\overrightarrow{AI}+\overrightarrow{IB}+\overrightarrow{DI}+\overrightarrow{IC}\)
\(=\overrightarrow{AI}+\overrightarrow{DI}=-\left(\overrightarrow{IA}+\overrightarrow{ID}\right)=-2\overrightarrow{IM}=2\overrightarrow{MI}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{DC}=\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{DB}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{AC}=\overrightarrow{DB}-\overrightarrow{DC}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{AB}=\overrightarrow{CD}+\overrightarrow{DB}=\overrightarrow{CB}\)(luôn đúng)
=>ĐPCM
b: \(\overrightarrow{GA}+\overrightarrow{GB}+\overrightarrow{GC}+\overrightarrow{GD}\)
\(=2\cdot\overrightarrow{GM}+2\cdot\overrightarrow{GI}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(AB^2+CD^2-\left(BC^2+DA^2\right)=\overrightarrow{AB}^2+\overrightarrow{CD}^2-\overrightarrow{BC}^2-\overrightarrow{AD}^2\)
\(=\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{AD}\right)+\left(\overrightarrow{CD}-\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{CD}+\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
\(=\overrightarrow{DB}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}\right)+\overrightarrow{DB}\left(\overrightarrow{BC}+\overrightarrow{DC}\right)\)
\(=\overrightarrow{DB}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{BC}+\overrightarrow{DC}\right)\)
\(=2\overrightarrow{AC}.\overrightarrow{DB}\) (đpcm)