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\(\overrightarrow{AF}=2\overrightarrow{FC}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AF}=\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AM}=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{EI}=\frac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{IF}=\frac{3}{4}\left(\overrightarrow{IE}+\overrightarrow{EF}\right)\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{EI}=\frac{3}{7}\overrightarrow{EF}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AI}=\overrightarrow{AE}+\overrightarrow{EI}=\overrightarrow{AE}+\frac{3}{7}\overrightarrow{EF}=\overrightarrow{AE}+\frac{3}{7}\left(\overrightarrow{EA}+\overrightarrow{AF}\right)=\frac{4}{7}\overrightarrow{AE}+\frac{3}{7}\overrightarrow{EF}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AI}=\frac{4}{7}.\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{3}{7}.\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}=\frac{2}{7}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{2}{7}\overrightarrow{AC}=\frac{4}{7}\left(\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\frac{4}{7}\overrightarrow{AM}\)
\(\Rightarrow A;M;I\) thẳng hàng
a.
\(\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{BC}=\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{CM}+\overrightarrow{BM}+\overrightarrow{MC}=\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{BM}\)
b.
\(\overrightarrow{AE}=3\overrightarrow{EM}=3\overrightarrow{EA}+3\overrightarrow{AM}\Rightarrow4\overrightarrow{AE}=3\overrightarrow{AM}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AE}=\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AM}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AE}=\dfrac{3}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\dfrac{3}{8}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{8}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{BE}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AE}=-\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{8}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{8}\overrightarrow{AC}=-\dfrac{5}{8}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{8}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{BK}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AK}=-\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}=\dfrac{8}{5}\overrightarrow{BE}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) B, E, K thẳng hàng
a) \(\overrightarrow {AB} .\overrightarrow {AC} = 2.3.\cos \widehat {BAC} = 6.\cos {60^o} = 3\)
b)
Ta có: \(\overrightarrow {AB} + \overrightarrow {AC} = 2\overrightarrow {AM} \)(do M là trung điểm của BC)
\( \Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow {AM} = \frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow {AB} + \frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow {AC} \)
+) \(\overrightarrow {BD} = \overrightarrow {AD} - \overrightarrow {AB} = \frac{7}{{12}}\overrightarrow {AC} - \overrightarrow {AB} \)
c) Ta có:
\(\begin{array}{l}\overrightarrow {AM} .\overrightarrow {BD} = \left( {\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow {AB} + \frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow {AC} } \right)\left( {\frac{7}{{12}}\overrightarrow {AC} - \overrightarrow {AB} } \right)\\ = \frac{7}{{24}}\overrightarrow {AB} .\overrightarrow {AC} - \frac{1}{2}{\overrightarrow {AB} ^2} + \frac{7}{{24}}{\overrightarrow {AC} ^2} - \frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow {AC} .\overrightarrow {AB} \\ = - \frac{1}{2}A{B^2} + \frac{7}{{24}}A{C^2} - \frac{5}{{24}}\overrightarrow {AB} .\overrightarrow {AC} \\ = - \frac{1}{2}{.2^2} + \frac{7}{{24}}{.3^2} - \frac{5}{{24}}.3\\ = 0\end{array}\)
\( \Rightarrow AM \bot BD\)
Bạn xem lại đề, I không thể là trung điểm AC.
Vì I là trung điểm AC, K thuộc AC nghĩa là I, K đều thuộc AC, vậy B,I,K thẳng hàng chỉ khi B cũng thuộc AC nốt (vô lý)
Xét ΔBAD có BI là đường trung tuyến
nên \(\overrightarrow{BI}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BD}\right)\)
=>\(\overrightarrow{BI}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{5}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{1}{3}\left(5\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\dfrac{1}{6}\left(5\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\dfrac{5}{6}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(\overrightarrow{BM}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AM}\)
\(=\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
=>\(\overrightarrow{BI}=\dfrac{5}{6}\cdot\overrightarrow{BM}\)
=>B,I,M thẳng hàng
Cách 1: Dùng định lý Menelaus đảo:
Từ đề bài, ta có \(\dfrac{BD}{BC}=\dfrac{2}{3}\), \(\dfrac{MC}{MA}=\dfrac{3}{2}\), \(\dfrac{IA}{ID}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{BD}{BC}.\dfrac{MC}{MA}.\dfrac{IA}{ID}=1\)
Theo định lý Menelaus đảo, suy ra B, I, M thẳng hàng.
Cách 2: Dùng vector
Ta có \(\overrightarrow{BI}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BD}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{6}\left(3\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
Lại có \(\overrightarrow{BM}=\dfrac{MC}{AC}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{MA}{AC}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{5}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{5}\left(3\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{6}{5}.\dfrac{1}{6}\left(3\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{6}{5}\overrightarrow{BI}\)
Vậy \(\overrightarrow{BM}=\dfrac{6}{5}\overrightarrow{BI}\), suy ra B, I, M thẳng hàng.
\(\overrightarrow{AK}=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AE}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AF}=\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
Gọi P là điểm trên BC sao cho \(\overrightarrow{BP}=k.\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AP}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BP}=\overrightarrow{AB}+k.\overrightarrow{BC}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{k}.\overrightarrow{BA}+k.\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(=\left(1-k\right)\overrightarrow{AB}+k\overrightarrow{AC}=3k\left(\frac{1-k}{3k}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
A;K;P thẳng hàng khi và chỉ khi: \(\frac{1-k}{3k}=\frac{1}{4}\Rightarrow k=\frac{4}{7}\)
Vậy điểm P thỏa mãn \(\overrightarrow{BP}=\frac{4}{7}\overrightarrow{BC}\) thì A;K;P thẳng hàng