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Giả sử ban đầu có 100g dd HCl
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=32,85\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=0,9\left(mol\right)\)
\(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
a___________2a_______a______a____________
\(m_{Dd_{Spu}}=100a+100-44a=56a+100\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl_{Du}}=0,9-2a\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl_{du}}=32,85-73a\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{32,85-73a}{56a+100}=0,242\Leftrightarrow-73a+32,85=13,552a+24,2\)
\(\Rightarrow a=0,1\)
X có 0,1mol CaCl2 , 0,7mol HCl
\(MgCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
b_________2b________b______b____________
\(m_{dd_{spu}}=84b+56.0,1+100-44b\)
\(=40b+105,6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl_{du}}=0,7-2b\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl_{du}}=25,55-73b\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{25,55-73b}{40b+105,6}=0,2111\)
\(\Leftrightarrow25,55b-73b=8,444b+22,29216\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b=0,04\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Y có 0,1mol CaCl2 , 0,04mol MgCl2 và HCl dư
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{CaCl2}=\frac{0,1.111.100}{40.0,04+105,6}=10,35\%\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{MgCl2}=\frac{0,04.95.100}{40.0,04+105,6}=3,54\%\)
a) \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2HCl + CaCO3 → CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
Mol: 0,4 0,2 0,2
b) \(C\%_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5.100\%}{100}=14,6\%\)
c) \(m_{CaCl_2}=0,2.101=20,2\left(g\right)\)
Coi $m_{dd\ HCl} = 100(gam) \Rightarrow n_{HCl} = \dfrac{100.7,3\%}{36,5} = 0,2(mol)$
Gọi $n_{BaCO_3} = a(mol)$
BaCO3 + 2HCl → BaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
a..................2a............a..............a........................(mol)
Sau phản ứng :
$m_{dd} = 197a + 100 - a.44 = 153a + 100(gam)$
$n_{HCl\ dư} = 0,2 - 2a(mol)$
Suy ra :
$C\%_{HCl} = \dfrac{(0,2-2a).36,5}{153a + 100}.100\% = 2,28\%$
$\Rightarrow a = 0,066$
$C\%_{BaCl_2} = \dfrac{0,066.208}{0,066.153 + 100}.100\% = 12,47\%$
\(GS:m_{dd_{HCl}}=100\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=100\cdot7.3\%=7.3\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{BaCO_3}=a\left(mol\right)\)
\(BaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow BaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
\(a..........2a.........a......a\)
\(m_{\text{dung dịch sau phản ứng}}=197a+100-44a=153a+100\left(g\right)\)\(\)
\(m_{HCl}=7.3-73a\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{7.3-73a}{153a+100}\cdot100\%=2.28\%\)
\(\Rightarrow a=0.065\)
\(C\%_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{0.065\cdot208}{153\cdot0.065+100}\cdot100\%=12.3\%\)
a, PT: \(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
\(MgCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
Ta có: 100nCaCO3 + 84nMgCO3 = 14,2 (1)
Theo PT: \(n_{CO_2}=n_{CaCO_3}+n_{MgCO_3}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CaCO_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgCO_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{0,1.100}{14,2}.100\%\approx70,42\%\\\%m_{MgCO_3}\approx29,58\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{CO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,6}=0,5\left(M\right)\)
PTHH :
\(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\)
x 2x x x x
\(MgCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\)
y 2y y y y
Có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}100x+84y=14,2\\x+y=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow x=0,1;y=0,05\)
\(a,\%m_{CaCO_3}=0,1.100:14,2.100\%\approx72,423\%\)
\(\%m_{MgCO_3}=100\%-72,423\%\approx29,577\%\)
\(b,C_{M\left(HCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,2+0,1}{0,6}=0,5\left(M\right)\)
a) \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{0,4958}{24,79}=0,02\left(mol\right);n_{HCl}=0,6.1=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
0,02<------0,04<----0,02<-----0,02
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(p\text{ư}\right)}< n_{HCl\left(b\text{đ}\right)}\left(0,04< 0,6\right)\Rightarrow HCl\) dư, \(CaCO_3\) tan hết
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CaCO_3}=0,02.100=2\left(g\right)\\m_{CaSO_4}=5-2=3\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) dd sau phản ứng có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(d\text{ư}\right)}=0,6-0,04=0,56\left(mol\right)\\n_{CaCl_2}=0,02\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(HCl\left(d\text{ư}\right)\right)}=\dfrac{0,56}{0,6}=\dfrac{14}{15}M\\C_{M\left(CaCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,02}{0,6}=\dfrac{1}{30}M\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> n HCl = 0,9 mol
lúc sau , dễ thấy chỉ có Ca2+Ca2+ và 1 O trong CaCO3CaCO3 ở lại dd
gọi nCaCO3=anCaCO3=a
ta có pt
36,5 (0,9 - 2a) = 0,242 (100 + 56a)
\Leftrightarrow a = 0,0999 = 0,1 mol
số HCl còn lại trong dd X là 0,9 - 2 . 0,1 = 0,7 mol
tương tự với nMgCO3=bnMgCO3=b , dễ thấy
36,5 (0,7 - 2b) = 0,211 ( 100 + 56. 0,1 + 40b)
=> b = 0,0032956 = 0,0033 mol
từ a => mCaCL2=0,1.111=11,1gammCaCL2=0,1.111=11,1gam
b => mMgCl2=0,0033.95=0,3135gammMgCl2=0,0033.95=0,3135gam
m dd sau = 100 + 56 . 0,1 + 40 . 0,0033 = 105,732 gam
=> C % từng chất
CaCl2 : 10,5 %
MgCl2 = 0,297 %