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Bài này ta phải nhìn kỹ vào PTHH và biết vận dụng ĐLBTKL :)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
\(MgCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+CO_2\uparrow+H_2O\left(1\right)\\ CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2\uparrow+H_2O\left(2\right)\\ Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+CO_2\uparrow+H_2O\left(3\right)\)
Theo pthh (1, 2, 3): \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2O}=n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=2n_{CO_2}=2.0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Áp dụng ĐLBTKL:
\(m_{muối.cacbonat}+m_{HCl}=m_{muối.clorua}+m_{CO_2}+m_{H_2O}\)
=> x = mmuối clorua = 18,7 + 0,4.36,5 - 0,2.44 - 0,2.18 = 20,9 (g)
Câu 8:
\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2KMnO4 + 16HCl --> 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O
0,1<---------------------------------0,25
=> \(n_{KMnO_4\left(tt\right)}=\dfrac{0,1.100}{80}=0,125\left(mol\right)\)
=> mKMnO4(tt) = 0,125.158 = 19,75 (g)
Câu 18:
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> n2 muối cacbonat = 0,1 (mol)
Câu 8: 2KMnO4 (0,125 mol) + 16HCl (đậm đặc) \(\underrightarrow{H=80\%}\) 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2\(\uparrow\) (0,25 mol) + 8H2O.
Khối lượng thuốc tím cần dùng là 0,125.158=19,75 (g).
Câu 18: 2H+ + CO32- (0,1 mol) \(\rightarrow\) CO2 (0,1 mol) + H2O.
Số mol của hỗn hợp hai muối cacbonat là 0,1 mol.
\(FeSO_3+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\)
\(MgCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\)
\(n_{CO2}=\frac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=2n_{CO2}=2.0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Vậy số mol HCl tiêu tốn hết là 0,2 (mol)
FeCO3+ 2HCl\(\rightarrow\) FeCl2+ CO2\(\uparrow\)+ H2O
CaCO3+ 2HCl\(\rightarrow\) CaCl2+ CO2\(\uparrow\)+ H2O
theo ptpu có: nHCl= 2nCO2= 2. \(\frac{2,24}{22,4}\)= 0,2( mol)
\(n_{CO_2}=\frac{V_{CO_2}}{22,4}=\frac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
-> \(n_{\left(C\right)}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
-> \(n_{hh}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
a)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200.14,6}{100.36,5}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: MgCO3 + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + CO2 + H2O
______a--------->2a-------->a-------->a
CaCO3 + 2HCl --> CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
_b-------->2b-------->b------->b
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}84a+100b=28,4\\a+b=0,3\end{matrix}\right.=>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%MgCO_3=\dfrac{0,1.84}{28,4}.100\%=29,577\%\\\%CaCO_3=\dfrac{0,2.100}{28,4}.100\%=70,423\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) mdd sau pư = 28,4 + 200 - 0,3.44 = 215,2 (g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%\left(MgCl_2\right)=\dfrac{0,1.95}{215,2}.100\%=4,4\%\\C\%\left(CaCl_2\right)=\dfrac{0,2.111}{215,2}.100\%=10,32\%\\C\%\left(HCl\right)=\dfrac{\left(0,8-2.0,1-2.0,2\right).36,5}{215,2}.100\%=3,39\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
1)
a)
$CaO + 2HCl \to CaCl_2 + H_2O$
$CaCO_3 + 2HCl \to CaCl_2 + CO_2 + H_2O$
$n_{CaCO_3} = n_{CO_2} = 0,2(mol)$
$n_{CaCl_2} = 0,3(mol)$
Suy ra:
$n_{CaO} = 0,3 - 0,2 = 0,1(mol)$
$\%m_{CaO} = \dfrac{0,1.56}{0,1.56 + 0,2.100}.100\% = 21,875\%$
$\%m_{CaCO_3} = 78,125\%$
b)
$m_{dd} = 0,1.56 + 0,2.100 + 50 - 0,2.44 = 66,8(gam)$
$C\%_{CaCl_2} = \dfrac{33,3}{66,8}.100\% = 49,85\%$
Câu 4 :
a)
Gọi $n_{Fe} = a(mol) ; n_{MgO} = b(mol)$
Suy ra: $56a + 40b = 19,2(1)$
$Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2$
$MgO + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2O$
Theo PTHH : $n_{HCl} = 2a + 2b = 0,4.2 = 0,8(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = b = 0,2
$\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,2.56}{19,2}.100\% = 58,33\%$
$\%m_{MgO} = 100\% -58,33\% = 41,67\%$
b)
$n_{FeCl_2} = a = 0,2(mol)$
$n_{MgCl_2} = b = 0,2(mol)$
$m_{muối} = 0,2.127 + 0,2.95 = 44,4(gam)$
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{33,3}{111}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: \(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2\uparrow+H_2O\)
0,2_____0,4_____0,2____0,2_____0,2 (mol)
\(CaO+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O\)
0,1_____0,2_____0,1____0,1 (mol)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CaO}=0,1\cdot56=5,6\left(g\right)\\m_{CaCO_3}=0,2\cdot100=20\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CaO}=\dfrac{5,6}{5,6+20}\cdot100\%=21,875\%\\\%m_{CaCO_3}=78,125\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{CO_2}=0,2\cdot44=8,8\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd\left(sau.p/ứ\right)}=m_{CaO}+m_{CaCO_3}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{CO_2}=66,8\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{33,3}{66,8}\cdot100\%\approx49,85\%\)
nCO2=\(\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\) mol
nCaCl2=\(\dfrac{33,3}{111}=0,3\)
CaCO2 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
0,2 ← 0,2 ← 0,2
CaO + 2HCl → CaCl2 + H2O
0,1 ← 0,1
a) % CaO=\(\dfrac{0,1.56}{0,1.56+0,2.100}.100\%=21,875\%\)
% CaCO3 =100% - 21,875%= 78,125%
b) a = mCaO+mCaCO3 =0,1.56+0,2.100=25,6g
mdd sau pư= a + mddHCl - mCO2
= 25,6 + 50 - 0,2.44=66,8g
C%CaCl2=\(\dfrac{33,3}{66,8}.100\%\simeq49,85\%\)
\(n_{hhk}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi x là số mol Ca
y là số mol CaCO3
\(Ca+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2\)
x..........2x...........x.............x
\(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\)
y...................2y............y........................y
Ta có x+y =0,3
Mặt khác ta lại có x:y=1:1
=> x=y=0,15
=>m=0,15.40+0,15.100=21(g)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{\left(0,3+0,3\right).36,5}{14,6\%}=150\left(g\right)\)
mdd sau phản ứng = m + mddHCl-mkhí = 21 +150 - (0,15.2 + 0,15.44) = 164,1 (g)
=> \(C\%_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{\left(0,15+0,15\right).111}{164,1}.100=20,29\%\)
nH2=6,72/22,4=0,3 mol
Mg + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) MgCl + H2
a a mol
Fe + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) FeCl2 +H2
b b mol
ta có 24a + 56b =13,6
và a + b=0,3
=>a=0,1 mol , b=0,2 mol
=>mMg=0,2*24=2,4 g
=>%Mg=2,48100/13,6=17,65%
=>%Fe=100-17,65=82,35%
nMgCl2=nMg=0,1mol=>mMgCl2=0,1*95=9,5 g
nFeCl2=nFe=0,2 mol=>mFeCl2 = 0,2*127=25,4 g
nHCl=nMg+nFe=0,1+0,2=0,3mol
=>CMHCl=0,3/0,4=0,75M