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Áp dụng bđt `1/x+1/y>=4/(x+y)`
`=>A>=(a+b).(2021.4)/(a+b)`
`=>A>=2021.4=8084`
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left[ \begin{array}{l}a=b=2021\\a=b=2022\end{array} \right.\)
Đề bài hình như bị sai em, thay điểm rơi ko thỏa mãn
Biểu thức là \(a+b+\sqrt{2\left(a+c\right)}\) mới đúng
Đặt \(\left(a+1;b+1;c+1\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow1\le x\le y\le z\le2\)
\(B=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{x}{z}+3\) (1)
Do \(x\le y\le z\Rightarrow\left(z-y\right)\left(y-x\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy+yz\ge y^2+zx\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{z}+1\ge\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{x}{y}\)
Tương tự: \(1+\dfrac{z}{x}\ge\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{z}{y}\)
Cộng vế: \(2+\dfrac{x}{z}+\dfrac{z}{x}\ge\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\) (2)
Từ (1); (2) \(\Rightarrow B\le2\left(\dfrac{x}{z}+\dfrac{z}{x}\right)+5\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{z}{x}=t\Rightarrow1\le t\le2\)
\(\Rightarrow B\le2\left(t+\dfrac{1}{t}\right)+5=\dfrac{2t^2+2}{t}+5=\dfrac{2t^2+2}{t}-5+10\)
\(\Rightarrow B\le\dfrac{2t^2-5t+2}{t}+10=\dfrac{\left(t-2\right)\left(2t-1\right)}{t}+10\le10\)
\(B_{max}=10\) khi \(t=2\) hay \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(0;0;1\right);\left(0;1;1\right)\)
Dễ dàng c/m : \(\dfrac{1}{a+2}+\dfrac{1}{b+2}+\dfrac{1}{c+2}=1\)
Ta có : \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}+4}\le\dfrac{1}{a+b+4}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+2}+\dfrac{1}{b+2}\right)\)
Suy ra : \(\Sigma\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}+4}\le2.\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+2}+\dfrac{1}{b+2}+\dfrac{1}{c+2}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}.1=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
" = " \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\right)\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)
Áp dụng BĐT quen thuộc:
\(\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge\dfrac{8}{9}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{8}{9}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{9\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{9\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge9abc+9abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Do \(3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge9abc\left(a+b+c\right)=9abc\)
Nên ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge9abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge9abc\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge9\)
Hiển nhiên đúng do \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}=9\)
Lời giải:
Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(a>b> c\). Khi đó \(a-b>0; b-c> 0; c-a< 0\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:\(\frac{1}{(a-b)^2}+\frac{1}{(b-c)^2}\geq \frac{2}{(a-b)(b-c)}\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT AM-GM: \((a-b)(b-c)\leq \left(\frac{a-b+b-c}{2}\right)^2=\frac{(c-a)^2}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{(a-b)^2}+\frac{1}{(b-c)^2}\geq \frac{2}{\frac{(c-a)^2}{4}}=\frac{8}{(c-a)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{(a-b)^2}+\frac{1}{(b-c)^2}+\frac{1}{(c-a)^2}\geq \frac{9}{(c-a)^2} \)
Mà \(0\leq c< a\leq 2\Rightarrow 0< a-c\leq 2\Rightarrow (c-a)^2=(a-c)^2\leq 4\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{(a-b)^2}+\frac{1}{(b-c)^2}+\frac{1}{(c-a)^2}\geq \frac{9}{(c-a)^2} \geq \frac{9}{4}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $(a,b,c)=(2,1,0)$ và hoán vị.
Ta có: \(P=ab+\dfrac{4}{ab}+4\ge2\sqrt{ab.\dfrac{4}{ab}+4}=8\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ab=2\\1\le a,b\le2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Lại có: \(1\le a\le2,1\le b\le2\)
\(\Rightarrow1\le ab\le4\Leftrightarrow\left(ab-1\right)\left(ab-4\right)\le0\Leftrightarrow\left(ab\right)^2\le5ab-4\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{\left(ab\right)^2+4ab+4}{ab}\le\dfrac{5ab-4+4ab+4}{ab}=9\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra <=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}ab=1\\ab=4\end{matrix}\right.\) và \(1\le a,b\le2\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=b=2\\a=b=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(Min_P=8\Leftrightarrow ab=2;1\le a,b\le2\)
\(Max_P=9\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=b=1\\a=b=2\end{matrix}\right.\)