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Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{c}.2=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{c}=\dfrac{a+b}{ab}\Leftrightarrow2ab=\left(a+b\right)c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+ab=ac+bc\Leftrightarrow ab-bc=ac-ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b\left(a-c\right)=a\left(c-b\right)\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a-c}{c-b}\)
\(\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{c}:\frac{1}{2}=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\)
\(\frac{2}{c}=\frac{a+b}{ab}\)
\(\Rightarrow2ab=ac+bc\)
\(\Rightarrow ac-ab=ab-bc\)
\(\Rightarrow a.\left(c-b\right)=b.\left(a-c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}=\frac{a-c}{c-b}\)( đpcm )
Bài 1:
Áp dụng t.c của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\\ =\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}=\dfrac{a.b.c}{b.c.d}=\dfrac{a}{d}\left(dpcm\right)\)
Theo đề bài thì:
\(\dfrac{a+b-c}{c}=\dfrac{b+c-a}{a}=\dfrac{c+a-b}{b}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{a+b-c}{c}=\dfrac{b+c-a}{a}=\dfrac{c+a-b}{b}\)
\(=\dfrac{a+b-c+b+c-a+c+a-b}{c+a+b}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b+b+c+c+a\right)-a-b-c}{c+a+b}\)
\(=\dfrac{a+b+c}{c+a+b}=1\)
Nên: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b-c=c\\b+c-a=a\\c+a-b=b\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mà
\(P=\left(1+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{a}{c}\right)\)
\(P=\left(\dfrac{a}{a}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)\left(\dfrac{b}{b}+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)\left(\dfrac{c}{c}+\dfrac{a}{c}\right)\)
\(P=\left(\dfrac{a+b}{a}\right)\left(\dfrac{b+c}{b}\right)\left(\dfrac{c+a}{c}\right)\)
\(P=\left(\dfrac{b+c-a+c+a-b}{a}\right)\left(\dfrac{c+a-b+a+b-c}{b}\right)\left(\dfrac{a+b-c+b+c-a}{c}\right)\)
\(P=\dfrac{2c}{a}.\dfrac{2a}{b}.\dfrac{2b}{c}=\dfrac{8ab}{abc}=8\)
Vậy \(P=8\)
Bài 1:
Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow a=bk; c=dk\)
Khi đó: \(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{2a+5b}{3a-4b}=\frac{2bk+5b}{3bk-4b}=\frac{b(2k+5)}{b(3k-4)}=\frac{2k+5}{3k-4}\\ \frac{2c+5d}{3c-4d}=\frac{2dk+5d}{3dk-4d}=\frac{d(2k+5)}{d(3k-4)}=\frac{2k+5}{3k-4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{2a+5b}{3a-4b}=\frac{2c+5d}{3c-4d}\)
Ta có đpcm.
Bài 2:
Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow a=bk; c=dk\)
Khi đó: \(\frac{ab}{cd}=\frac{bk.b}{dk.d}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\)
\(\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\frac{(bk)^2+b^2}{(dk)^2+d^2}=\frac{b^2(k^2+1)}{d^2(k^2+1)}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\)
Do đó: \(\frac{ab}{cd}=\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}(=\frac{b^2}{d^2})\) . Ta có đpcm.
Bài 2:
a)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{a}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b+c}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> a = b = c
b)
\(\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{y}{z}=\dfrac{z}{x}\)
=> x = y = z (theo a)
Thay x = y = z vào biểu thức, ta có:
\(M=\dfrac{x^{333}.x^{666}}{x^{999}}=1\)
c)
\(ac=b^2\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}\)
\(ab=c^2\Rightarrow\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{a}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{a}\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
Thay a = b = c vào biểu thức, ta có:
\(M=\dfrac{a^{333}}{a^{111}.a^{222}}=1\)
\(P=\left(1+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{a}{c}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)}{abc}\)
Với \(a+b+c=0\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-c\\b+c=-a\\a+c=-b\end{matrix}\right.\)
Khi đó \(P=\dfrac{-abc}{abc}=-1\)
Với \(a+b+c\ne0\) ,áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{a+b-c}{c}=\dfrac{b+c-a}{a}=\dfrac{c+a-b}{b}=\dfrac{a+b-c+b+c-a+c+a-b}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b+c}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=2c\\b+c=2a\\a+c=2b\end{matrix}\right.\)
Khi đó \(P=\dfrac{8abc}{abc}=8\)