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\(x_{n+1}=\dfrac{1}{2}x_n+2^{n-2}\Leftrightarrow x_{n+1}-\dfrac{1}{6}.2^{n+1}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x_n-\dfrac{1}{6}.2^n\right)\)
Đặt \(x_n-\dfrac{1}{6}.2^n=y_n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y_1=x_1-\dfrac{1}{6}.2^1=\dfrac{8}{3}\\y_{n+1}=\dfrac{1}{2}y_n\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow y_n\) là CSN với công bội \(q=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow y_n=\dfrac{8}{3}.\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{n-1}=\dfrac{4}{3.2^n}\)
\(\Rightarrow x_n=y_n+\dfrac{1}{6}.2^n=\dfrac{4}{3.2^n}+\dfrac{2^n}{6}\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{u_n}{n+1}=v_n\)
\(GT\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=\dfrac{u_1}{1+1}=1\\v_{n+1}=\dfrac{1}{4}v_n,\forall n\in N\text{*}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow v_n=\dfrac{1}{4}^{n-1},\forall n\in N\text{*}\)
\(\Rightarrow u_n=\left(n+1\right).\dfrac{1}{4}^{n-1},\forall n\in N\text{*}\)
\(u_2=\sqrt{2}\left(2+3\right)-3=5\sqrt{2}-3\)
\(u_3=\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{2}}.5\sqrt{2}-3=5\sqrt{3}-3\)
\(u_4=\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{3}}.5\sqrt{3}-3=5\sqrt{4}-3\)
....
\(\Rightarrow u_n=5\sqrt{n}-3\)
\(\Rightarrow\lim\limits\dfrac{u_n}{\sqrt{n}}=\lim\limits\dfrac{5\sqrt{n}-3}{\sqrt{n}}=5\)
\(u_{n+1}=\dfrac{n\left(u_n+2\right)+n^2+1}{n+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(n+1\right)u_{n+1}=nu_n+n^2+2n+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(n+1\right)u_{n+1}-\dfrac{1}{3}\left(n+1\right)^3-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(n+1\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{6}\left(n+1\right)=n.u_n-\dfrac{1}{3}n^3-\dfrac{1}{2}n^2-\dfrac{1}{6}n\)
Đặt \(v_n=u.u_n-\dfrac{1}{3}n^3-\dfrac{1}{2}n^2-\dfrac{1}{6}n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=1-\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{6}=0\\v_{n+1}=v_n=...=v_1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n.u_n-\dfrac{1}{3}n^3-\dfrac{1}{2}n^2-\dfrac{1}{6}n=0\)
\(\Rightarrow u_n=\dfrac{1}{3}n^2+\dfrac{1}{2}n+\dfrac{1}{6}=\dfrac{\left(n+1\right)\left(2n+1\right)}{6}\)
1:
a: \(u_2=2\cdot1+3=5;u_3=2\cdot5+3=13;u_4=2\cdot13+3=29;\)
\(u_5=2\cdot29+3=61\)
b: \(u_2=u_1+2^2\)
\(u_3=u_2+2^3\)
\(u_4=u_3+2^4\)
\(u_5=u_4+2^5\)
Do đó: \(u_n=u_{n-1}+2^n\)
bn tham khảo:
Đây là hình lấy từ trong sách chuyên khảo dãy số của Nguyễn Thành Chung