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Xét a+b+c+d = 0 ta có :
\(a+b=-c-d;b+c=-d-a;c+d=-a-b;d+a=-b-c\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{-c-d}{c+d}+\frac{-d-a}{d+a}+\frac{-a-b}{a+b}+\frac{-b-c}{b+c}=-4\)
Xét a+b+c+d \(\ne0\) ta có :
\(\frac{2a+b+c+d}{a}=\frac{a+2b+c+d}{b}=\frac{a+b+2c+d}{c}=\frac{a+b+c+2d}{d}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2a+b+c+d}{a}-1=\frac{a+2b+c+d}{b}-1=\frac{a+b+2c+d}{c}-1=\frac{a+b+c+2d}{d}-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b+c+d}{a}=\frac{a+b+d+d}{b}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{c}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow a=b=c=d\)Thay vào M ta được : \(M=\frac{a+a}{a+a}+\frac{a+a}{a+a}+\frac{a+a}{a+a}+\frac{a+a}{a+a}=4\)
Từ \(\frac{2a+b+c+d}{a}=\frac{a+2b+c+d}{b}=\frac{a+b+2c+d}{c}=\frac{a+b+c+2d}{d}\)
=> \(2+\frac{b+c+d}{a}=2+\frac{a+c+d}{b}=2+\frac{a+b+d}{c}=2+\frac{a+b+c}{d}\)
=> \(\frac{b+c+d}{a}=\frac{a+c+d}{b}=\frac{a+b+d}{c}=\frac{a+b+c}{d}=\frac{\left(b+c+d\right)+\left(a+c+d\right)+\left(a+b+d\right)+\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c+d}=\frac{3\left(a+b+c+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}=3\)
Từ \(3=\frac{b+c+d}{a}=\frac{a+c+d}{b}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)+2\left(c+d\right)}{a+b}=1+2.\frac{c+d}{a+b}\)=> \(\frac{c+d}{a+b}=\frac{3-1}{2}=1\)
Từ \(3=\frac{a+b+d}{c}=\frac{a+b+c}{d}=\frac{2.\left(a+b\right)+\left(c+d\right)}{c+d}=1+2.\frac{a+b}{c+d}\) => \(\frac{a+b}{c+d}=1\)
Từ \(3=\frac{a+b+c}{d}=\frac{b+c+d}{a}=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)+\left(b+c+d\right)}{d+a}=2.\frac{b+c}{d+a}+1\)=> \(\frac{b+c}{d+a}=1\)
Từ \(3=\frac{a+c+d}{b}=\frac{a+b+d}{c}=\frac{2\left(a+d\right)+\left(b+c\right)}{b+c}=2.\frac{d+a}{b+c}+1\)=> \(\frac{d+a}{b+c}=1\)
Vậy M = 1 + 1+ 1+ 1 = 4
Ta co : \(\frac{2a+b+c+d}{a-1}=\frac{a+2b+c+d}{b-1}=\frac{a+b+2c+d}{c-1}=\frac{a+b+c+2d}{d-1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b+c+d}{a}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{b}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{c}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{d}\)
Xet 2 truong hop
TH1:
\(a+b+c+d=0\)\(\Rightarrow a+b=-\left(c+d\right);b+c=-\left(a+d\right);c+d=-\left(a+d\right)\)
Khi do \(M=\left(-1\right).4=-4\)
TH2:
\(a+b+c+d\ne0\)
\(\Rightarrow a=b=c=d\)
Khi do \(M=1.4=4\)
Vay : M=4 hoac M=-4
**** nhe
\(\frac{2a+b+c+d}{a}=\frac{a+2b+c+d}{b}=\frac{a+b+2c+d}{c}=\frac{a+b+c+d+2d}{d}=\)
\(=\frac{2a+b+c+d+a+2b+c+d+a+b+2c+d+a+b+c+2d}{a+b+c+d}=\)
\(=\frac{5\left(a+b+c+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}=5\)
Từ \(\frac{a+b+2c+d}{c}=\frac{a+b+c+2d}{d}=\frac{2\left(a+b\right)+3\left(c+d\right)}{c+d}=\)
\(=\frac{2\left(a+b\right)}{c+d}+3=5\Rightarrow\frac{a+b}{c+d}=1\)
C/m tương tự có \(\frac{b+c}{d+a}=\frac{c+d}{a+b}=\frac{d+a}{b+c}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b}{c+d}+\frac{b+c}{d+a}+\frac{c+d}{a+b}+\frac{d+a}{b+c}=4\)