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Gọi G là trọng tâm tam giác ABC
\(\vec{MA}.\vec{MB}+\vec{MB}.\vec{MC}+\vec{MC}.\vec{MA}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\vec{MA}+\vec{MB}+\vec{MC}\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(MA^2+MB^2+MC^2\right)\)
\(\ge-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(MA^2+MB^2+MC^2\right)\)
\(=-\dfrac{1}{2}\left[\left(\vec{MG}+\vec{GA}\right)^2+\left(\vec{MG}+\vec{GB}\right)^2+\left(\vec{MG}+\vec{GC}\right)^2\right]\)
\(=-\dfrac{1}{2}\left[3MG^2+2\vec{MG}\left(\vec{GA}+\vec{GB}+\vec{GC}\right)+GA^2+GB^2+GC^2\right]\)
\(\ge-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(GA^2+GB^2+GC^2\right)\)
\(min=-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(GA^2+GB^2+GC^2\right)\Leftrightarrow M\equiv G\)
Gọi G là trọng tâm tam giác ABC
\(2\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(\overrightarrow{MG}+\overrightarrow{GA}\right)+\overrightarrow{MG}+\overrightarrow{GB}+\overrightarrow{MG}+\overrightarrow{GC}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\overrightarrow{MG}+\overrightarrow{GA}+\overrightarrow{GA}+\overrightarrow{GB}+\overrightarrow{GC}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\overrightarrow{MG}+\overrightarrow{GA}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{MG}=\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AG}\)
Gọi I là điểm thỏa mãn:
\(\overrightarrow{IA}+\overrightarrow{IB}+3\left(\overrightarrow{IC}-\overrightarrow{IB}\right)=\overrightarrow{0}\)
Với H là trung điểm AB, ta có:
\(2\overrightarrow{IH}+3\overrightarrow{BC}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{IH}=\frac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{CB}\)
Khi đó: \(\overrightarrow{MA}-2\overrightarrow{MB}+3\overrightarrow{MC}=2\overrightarrow{MI}+\overrightarrow{IA}-2\overrightarrow{IB}+3\overrightarrow{IC}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\overrightarrow{MI}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) M trùng I.
Do \(M\in d\Rightarrow M\left(a;2a+3\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{MA}=\left(-6-a;-2a\right)\\\overrightarrow{MB}=\left(-a;-4-2a\right)\\\overrightarrow{MC}=\left(3-a;-1-2a\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}=\left(-3-3a;-5-6a\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\left|\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}\right|=\sqrt{\left(3a+3\right)^2+\left(6a+5\right)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\sqrt{45a^2+78a+34}=\sqrt{45\left(a+\frac{13}{15}\right)^2+\frac{1}{5}}\ge\sqrt{\frac{1}{5}}\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{min}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}}\) khi \(a=-\frac{13}{15}\Rightarrow M\left(-\frac{13}{15};\frac{19}{15}\right)\)