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Ta có \(\sqrt{8a^2+56}=\sqrt{8\left(a^2+7\right)}=2\sqrt{2\left(a^2+ab+2bc+2ca\right)}\)
\(=2\sqrt{2\left(a+b\right)\left(a+2c\right)}\le2\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+2c\right)=3a+2b+2c\)
Tương tự \(\sqrt{8b^2+56}\le2a+3b+2c;\)\(\sqrt{4c^2+7}=\sqrt{\left(a+2c\right)\left(b+2c\right)}\le\frac{a+b+4c}{2}\)
Do vậy \(Q\ge\frac{11a+11b+12c}{3a+2b+2c+2a+3b+2c+\frac{a+b+4c}{2}}=2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(\left(a,b,c\right)=\left(1;1;\frac{3}{2}\right)\)
a) \(P=1957\)
b) \(S=19.\)
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{a+2b}+\frac{b^2}{2a+b}\geq \frac{(a+b)^2}{a+2b+2a+b}=\frac{(a+b)^2}{3(a+b)}=\frac{a+b}{3}=\frac{1}{3}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{a}{a+2b}=\frac{b}{2a+b}\\ a+b=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
Bài 2:
Vì $x+y=2019$ nên $2019-x=y; 2019-y=x$
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(P=\frac{x}{\sqrt{2019-x}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{2019-y}}=\frac{x}{\sqrt{y}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{x}}=\frac{x^2}{x\sqrt{y}}+\frac{y^2}{y\sqrt{x}}\geq \frac{(x+y)^2}{x\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{x}}\)
Mà theo BĐT AM-GM và Bunhiacopxky:
\((x\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{x})^2\leq (xy+yx)(x+y)=2xy(x+y)\leq \frac{(x+y)^2}{2}.(x+y)=\frac{(x+y)^3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\geq \frac{(x+y)^2}{\sqrt{\frac{(x+y)^3}{2}}}=\sqrt{2(x+y)}=\sqrt{2.2019}=\sqrt{4038}\)
Vậy \(P_{\min}=\sqrt{4038}\Leftrightarrow x=y=\frac{2019}{2}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Minkowski ta có:
\(\sqrt{x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}}+\sqrt{y^2+\frac{1}{y^2}}+\sqrt{z^2+\frac{1}{z^2}}\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2}\)
\(\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(\frac{9}{x+y+z}\right)^2}=\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\frac{81}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left[\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\frac{1}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}\right]+\frac{80}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}}\)
\(\ge\sqrt{2\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2\cdot\frac{1}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}}+\frac{80}{1}}=\sqrt{82}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Minkowski ta có:
√x2+1x2 +√y2+1y2 +√z2+1z2 ≥√(x+y+z)2+(1x +1y +1z )2
≥√(x+y+z)2+(9x+y+z )2=√(x+y+z)2+81(x+y+z)2
=√[(x+y+z)2+1(x+y+z)2 ]+80(x+y+z)2
≥√2√(x+y+z)2·1(x+y+z)2 +801 =√82
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: x=y=z=13
Ta có \(xy\le\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}\).
Do đó ta có: \(x+y+xy=x+y-2xy+3xy\le x+y-2xy+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2\le x+y-2xy+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(x+y\right)\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left[\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x+y\right)-1\right]\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0\le x+y\le4\).
Do đó m = 0, n = 4.
Vậy m2 + n2 = 16. Chọn A.