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\(x^2+y^2-2x-4y-4=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2-9=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2=9=0^2+3^2=0^2+\left(-3\right)^2\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\y-2=3\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=3\\y-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\y-2=-3\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=-3\\y-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=5\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow-2\le x\le4\left(y\in R\right)\)
Ta có \(S=3x+4y\)
Mà \(x\ge-2;y\ge-1\Leftrightarrow S\ge3\cdot\left(-2\right)+4\cdot\left(-1\right)=-6-4=-10\)
Vậy GTNN của S là \(-10\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Lời giải:
ĐKĐB $\Leftrightarrow (x^2-2x+1)+(y^2-4y+4)-9=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x-1)^2+(y-2)^2-9=0$
$\Rightarrow (x-1)^2=9-(y-2)^2\leq 9$
$\Rightarrow -3\leq x-1\leq 3$
$\Leftrightarrow -2\leq x\leq 4$
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Đặt $x-1=a; y-2=b$ thì bài toán trở thành:
Cho $a,b$ thực thỏa mãn $a^2+b^2=9$
Tìm min $S=3a+4b+11$
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
$(3a+4b)^2\leq (a^2+b^2)(3^2+4^2)=9.25$
$\Rightarrow -15\leq 3a+4b\leq 15$
$\Rightarrow 3a+4b\geq -15$
$\Rightarrow S=3a+4b+11\geq -4$
Vậy $S_{\min}=-4$ khi $x=\frac{-4}{5}; y=\frac{-1}{5}$
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho cặp số dương \(\dfrac{1}{\left(z+x\right)};\dfrac{1}{\left(z+y\right)}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{\left(z+x\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(z+y\right)}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{1}{\sqrt[]{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt[]{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}}\le\dfrac{2xy}{z+x}+\dfrac{2xy}{z+y}\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự ta được
\(\dfrac{zx}{\sqrt[]{\left(y+z\right)\left(y+x\right)}}\le\dfrac{2zx}{y+z}+\dfrac{2zx}{y+x}\left(2\right)\)
\(\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt[]{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}\le\dfrac{2yz}{x+y}+\dfrac{2yz}{x+z}\left(3\right)\)
\(\left(1\right)+\left(2\right)+\left(3\right)\) ta được :
\(P=\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt[]{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}+\dfrac{zx}{\sqrt[]{\left(y+z\right)\left(y+x\right)}}+\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt[]{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}}\le\dfrac{2yz}{x+y}+\dfrac{2yz}{x+z}+\dfrac{2zx}{y+z}+\dfrac{2zx}{y+x}+\dfrac{2xy}{z+x}+\dfrac{2xy}{z+y}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le2\left(x+y+z\right)=2.3=6\)
\(\Rightarrow GTLN\left(P\right)=6\left(tạix=y=z=1\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô - si cho 3 bộ số không âm
\(\Rightarrow\frac{z\left(xy+1\right)^2}{y^2\left(yz+1\right)}+\frac{x\left(yz+1\right)^2}{z^2\left(xz+1\right)}+\frac{y\left(xz+1\right)^2}{x^2\left(xy+1\right)}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{xyz\left(xy+1\right)^2\left(yz+1\right)^2\left(xz+1\right)^2}{x^2y^2z^2\left(yz+1\right)\left(xz+1\right)\left(xy+1\right)}}=3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(xy+1\right)\left(yz+1\right)\left(xz+1\right)}{xyz}}\)
Xét \(3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(xy+1\right)\left(yz+1\right)\left(xz+1\right)}{xyz}}\)
\(=3\sqrt[3]{\left(\frac{xy+1}{x}\right)\left(\frac{yz+1}{y}\right)\left(\frac{xz+1}{z}\right)}\)
\(=3\sqrt[3]{\left(y+\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(z+\frac{1}{y}\right)\left(x+\frac{1}{z}\right)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô - si
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}y+\frac{1}{x}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{y}{x}}\\z+\frac{1}{y}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{z}{y}}\\x+\frac{1}{z}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x}{z}}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(y+\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(z+\frac{1}{y}\right)\left(x+\frac{1}{z}\right)\ge8\)
\(\Rightarrow3\sqrt[3]{\left(y+\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(z+\frac{1}{y}\right)\left(x+\frac{1}{z}\right)}\ge3\sqrt[3]{8}\)
\(\Rightarrow3\sqrt[3]{\left(y+\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(z+\frac{1}{y}\right)\left(x+\frac{1}{z}\right)}\ge6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(xy+1\right)\left(yz+1\right)\left(xz+1\right)}{xyz}}\ge6\)
Mà \(\frac{z\left(xy+1\right)^2}{y^2\left(yz+1\right)}+\frac{x\left(yz+1\right)^2}{z^2\left(xz+1\right)}+\frac{y\left(xz+1\right)^2}{x^2\left(xy+1\right)}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(xy+1\right)\left(yz+1\right)\left(xz+1\right)}{xyz}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{z\left(xy+1\right)^2}{y^2\left(yz+1\right)}+\frac{x\left(yz+1\right)^2}{z^2\left(xz+1\right)}+\frac{y\left(xz+1\right)^2}{x^2\left(xy+1\right)}\ge6\)
Vậy GTNN của \(\frac{z\left(xy+1\right)^2}{y^2\left(yz+1\right)}+\frac{x\left(yz+1\right)^2}{z^2\left(xz+1\right)}+\frac{y\left(xz+1\right)^2}{x^2\left(xy+1\right)}=6\)
\(S=16x^2y^2+12\left(x^3+y^3\right)+9xy+25xy\)
\(=16x^2y^2+12\left(x+y\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-3xy\right]+34xy\)
\(=16x^2y^2+12-36xy+34xy\)
\(=16x^2y^2-2xy+12\)
\(S=16x^2y^2-2xy+12=16x^2y^2-2xy+\frac{1}{16}+\frac{191}{16}=\left(4xy-\frac{1}{4}\right)^2+\frac{191}{16}\ge\frac{191}{16}\)
\(\Rightarrow MinS=\frac{191}{16}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=1\\4xy-\frac{1}{4}=0\\x,y\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x;y\right)=\left(\frac{2\pm\sqrt{3}}{4};\frac{2\mp\sqrt{3}}{4}\right)\)
\(S=16x^2y^2-2xy+12=2xy\left(8xy-1\right)+12\le2.\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}\left[8.\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}-1\right]+12=\frac{25}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow MinS=\frac{25}{2}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=1\\x=y\\x,y\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
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