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Ta có: \(a^2-b=b^2-c\Leftrightarrow a^2-b^2=b-c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)=b-c\Rightarrow a+b=\frac{b-c}{a-b}\)
Tương tự CM được: \(b+c=\frac{c-a}{b-c}\) và \(c+a=\frac{a-b}{c-a}\)
Khi đó:
\(\left(a+b+1\right)\left(b+c+1\right)\left(c+a+1\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{a-b}{c-a}+1\right)\left(\frac{c-a}{b-c}+1\right)\left(\frac{b-c}{a-b}+1\right)\)
\(=\frac{c-b}{c-a}\cdot\frac{b-a}{b-c}\cdot\frac{a-c}{a-b}=-1\)
Vì a2 - b = b2 - c = c2 - a
Ta có a2 - b = b2 - c
=> (a - b)(a + b) = b - c
=> a + b + 1 = \(\frac{a-c}{a-b}\)
Tương tự ta có : b + c + 1 = \(\frac{b-a}{b-c}\)
a + c + 1 =\(\frac{b-c}{a-c}\)
Khi đó (a + b + 1)(b + c + 1)(a + c + 1) = \(\frac{a-c}{a-b}.\frac{b-a}{b-c}.\frac{b-c}{a-c}=-1\)(đpcm)
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{1-ab}=1+\frac{ab}{1-ab}\le1+\frac{ab}{1-\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}}\)
\(=1+\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2+2c^2}\le1+\frac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(c^2+a^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}}\)
\(\le1+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a^2}{c^2+a^2}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+c^2}\right)\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự ta có:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{1-bc}\le1+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{b^2}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{c^2}{c^2+a^2}\right)\left(2\right)\\\frac{1}{1-ca}\le1+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{c^2}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{a^2}{c^2+a^2}\right)\left(3\right)\end{cases}}\)
Từ (1), (2), (3)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{1-ab}+\frac{1}{1-bc}+\frac{1}{1-ca}\le3+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a^2}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{a^2}{c^2+a^2}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{b^2}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{c^2}{c^2+a^2}+\frac{c^2}{b^2+c^2}\right)\)
\(=3+\frac{1}{2}\left(1+1+1\right)=\frac{9}{2}\)
ta có \(4\left(a^2+a+2b^2\right)=5\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right)+3\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)\)\(=5\left(a+b\right)^2+3\left(a-b\right)^2\ge5\left(a+b\right)^2\)(vì \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\))
vì a,b dương nên \(2\sqrt{2a^2+ab+2b^2}\ge\sqrt{5}\left(a+b\right)\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2a^2+ab+2b^2}\ge\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(a+b\right)\left(1\right)\)
dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b
chứng minh tương tự để có \(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{2b^2+bc+2c^2}\ge\frac{5}{4}\left(b+c\right)\Leftrightarrow b=c\left(2\right)\\\sqrt{2c^2+ca+2a^2}\ge\frac{5}{4}\left(a+c\right)\Leftrightarrow a=c\left(3\right)\end{cases}}\)
cộng các bất đẳng thức (1) (2) và (3) theo vế ta được
\(\sqrt{2a^2+ab+2b^2}+\sqrt{2b^2+bc+2c^2}+\sqrt{2c^2+ac+2a^2}\ge\frac{5}{4}\cdot2\left(a+b+c\right)=2019\sqrt{5}\)
dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=b=c\\a+b+c=2019\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=673}\)
* Ta có:
\(2a^2+ab+2b^2=\frac{5}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge\frac{5}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{2a^2+ab+2b^2}\ge\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(a+b\right)\)
* Tương tự ta có:
\(\sqrt{2b^2+bc+2c^2}\ge\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(b+c\right)\); \(\sqrt{2c^2+ca+2a^2}\ge\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(c+a\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(a+b\right)+\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(b+c\right)+\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(c+a\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{5}\left(a+b+c\right)=2019\sqrt{5}\)
(Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b = c = 673)
Vậy \(P_{min}=2019\sqrt{5}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=673\)