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Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(\text{VT}=\left ( a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2} \right )+\left ( b-\frac{bc^2}{1+c^2} \right )+\left ( c-\frac{ca^2}{1+a^2} \right )\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \text{VT}=3-\left ( \frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}+\frac{bc^2}{1+c^2}+\frac{ca^2}{1+a^2} \right )=3-A\)
Xét $A$ , áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM:
\(A\leq \frac{ab^2}{2b}+\frac{bc^2}{2c}+\frac{ca^2}{2a}=\frac{1}{2}(ab+bc+ac)\)
Mặt khác, dễ thấy \(9=(a+b+c)^2\geq 3(ab+bc+ac)\Rightarrow ab+bc+ac\leq 3\)
\(\Rightarrow A\leq \frac{3}{2}\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq 3-\frac{3}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $a=b=c=1$
Xét: \(\frac{a}{1+b^2}+\frac{b}{1+c^2}+\frac{c}{1+a^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}+b-\frac{bc^2}{1+c^2}+c-\frac{ca^2}{1+a^2}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho 2 bộ số thực không âm
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}1+b^2\ge2\sqrt{b^2}=2b\\1+c^2\ge2\sqrt{c^2}=2c\\1+a^2\ge2\sqrt{a^2}=2a\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}\le\frac{ab^2}{2b}=\frac{ab}{2}\\\frac{bc^2}{1+c^2}\le\frac{bc^2}{2c}=\frac{bc}{2}\\\frac{ca^2}{1+a^2}\le\frac{ca^2}{2a}=\frac{ac}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}\ge a-\frac{ab}{2}=\frac{2a-ab}{2}\\b-\frac{bc^2}{1+c^2}\ge b-\frac{bc}{2}=\frac{2b-bc}{2}\\c-\frac{ca^2}{1+a^2}\ge c-\frac{ac}{2}=\frac{2c-ac}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng theo từng vế:
\(\Rightarrow a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}+b-\frac{bc^2}{1+c^2}+c-\frac{ca^2}{1+a^2}\ge\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}+b-\frac{bc^2}{1+c^2}+c-\frac{ca^2}{1+a^2}\ge\frac{6-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2}=3-\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)
Xét: \(3-\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)
Theo hệ quả của bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow9\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{3}{2}\ge\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow3-\frac{3}{2}\le3-\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{3}{2}\le3-\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)
Vì \(a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}+b-\frac{bc^2}{1+c^2}+c-\frac{ca^2}{1+a^2}\ge3-\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}+b-\frac{bc^2}{1+c^2}+c-\frac{ca^2}{1+a^2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{1+b^2}+\frac{b}{1+c^2}+\frac{c}{1+a^2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\) ( đpcm )
Ta có
\(\frac{1+m^2}{1+n^2}=1+m^2-\frac{n^2\left(1+m^2\right)}{1+n^2}\le1+m^2-\frac{n^2\left(1+m^2\right)}{2}\)
Tương tự ta có
\(\frac{1+n^2}{1+p^2}\le1+n^2-\frac{p^2\left(1+n^2\right)}{2}\)
\(\frac{1+p^2}{1+m^2}\le1+p^2-\frac{m^2\left(1+p^2\right)}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le3+m^2+n^2+p^2-\frac{n^2\left(1+m^2\right)+p^2\left(1+n^2\right)+m^2\left(1+p^2\right)}{2}\)
\(=\frac{m^2+n^2+p^2-\left(m^2N^2+n^2p^2+p^2m^2\right)}{2}+3\)
\(\le\frac{m^2+n^2+p^2+2\left(mn+np+pm\right)}{2}+3\)
\(=\frac{\left(m+n+p\right)^2}{2}+3=\frac{1}{2}+3=\frac{7}{2}\)
\(a,b,c\in\left[0,1\right]\) do đó \(a^2+b^2+c^2\le a+b+c=1\)
Ta có: \(T=\text{∑}\left(a^2+1-\frac{b^2a^2+b^2}{1+b^2}\right)\)\(\le\text{∑}a^2+3-\text{∑}\frac{b^2a^2+b^2}{2}\)
\(=3+\frac{\text{∑}a^2-\text{∑}a^2b^2}{2}\le3+\frac{1}{2}\le\frac{7}{2}\)
Bổ đề: \(x^2+y^2\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2};\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\forall x,y>0\)
\(\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)^2+\left(y+\frac{1}{y}\right)^2\ge\frac{\left[\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)+\left(y+\frac{1}{y}\right)\right]^2}{2}=\frac{\left(x+y+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)^2}{2}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(1+\frac{4}{x+y}\right)^2}{2}=\frac{\left(1+4\right)^2}{2}=\frac{25}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
(Cứ thấy sao sao?x + y = 1 = > x = y = 1/2)
Với ĐK : x + y = 1 ... , chỉ có x = y = 1/2 (cái nài là STP mà có phải SD đâu??)
Chia làm 2TH
\(N>\frac{25}{2}\); TH2 : \(N=\frac{25}{2}\)
\(N=\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)^2+\left(y+\frac{1}{y}\right)^2\ge\frac{25}{2}\)
\(N=\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)^2\ge\frac{25}{2}\)
\(N=\left(\frac{1}{2}+1\div1\div2\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{2}+1\div1\div2\right)^2\ge\frac{25}{2}\)
\(N=\left(\frac{1}{2}+1\div2\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{2}+1\div2\right)^2\ge\frac{25}{2}\)
\(N=\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge\frac{25}{2}\)
\(N=\left(1\right)^2+\left(1\right)^2\ge\frac{25}{2}\)
\(N=2\ge\frac{25}{2}\)
----------------------------
\(N=\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(y+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge\frac{25}{2}\)
Tương tự như trên :\(N=\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\)
\(N=\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}\right)\ge\frac{25}{2}\)
Chẳng khác gì phía trên,mà 25 / 2 = 25 : 2 = 12 , 5 . Lại còn x , y là số dương .
[Trình mình thì chẳng CM được cái này(vì không CM được)]
Cm (m+2n)2 <= 9p2 ( bunhiacopxki)
=>m+2n <= 3p
Có 1/m+2/n=1/m +1/n + 1/n >= (1+1+1)2/(m+2n) >= 9/3p >= 3/p
dấu "=" khi m=n=p
bài này ko khó, bn biến đổi VT áp dụng C-S dạng Engel vào là dc
1/ Đầu tiên ta chứng minh: \(\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\) (1)
\(\Leftrightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\left(\frac{a^3}{b}-a^2\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\left(\frac{a^2\left(a-b\right)}{b}-a\left(a-b\right)\right)+\Sigma_{cyc}a\left(a-b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a\left(a-b\right)^2}{b}+\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a\left(a-b\right)^2}{b}+\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{1}{2}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(2a+b\right)}{2b}\ge0\)
BĐT cuối đúng nên (1) đúng. (*)
Bây giờ ta đi chứng minh: \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge5\)
Đặt \(\left(a+b+c;ab+bc+ca\right)\rightarrow\left(3u;3v^2\right)\) thì \(3u=9-3v^2\)
và \(a^2+b^2+c^2=\left(3u\right)^2-6v^2=\left(9-3v^2\right)^2-6v^2\)
\(=\left(3v^2-9\right)^2-6v^2=9v^4-60v^2+81\)
Đặt \(v^2=t\ge0\) .Ta cần tìm min của: \(9t^2-60t+81\)
Ta có: \(9t^2-60t+81=\left(3t-10\right)^2-19\ge-19\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi t = 10/3 tức là v= \(\sqrt{\frac{10}{3}}\)....
Em thấy có gì đó sai sai thì phải ạ:((
Câu 1:
\(\frac{a^3}{b}+ab\ge2a^2\) ; \(\frac{b^3}{c}+bc\ge2b^2\); \(\frac{c^3}{a}+ac\ge2c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}+ab+ac+bc\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
//
\(a+b+c+ab+ac+bc\le a+b+c+\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}+\left(a+b+c\right)\ge9\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c-\frac{3\sqrt{13}-3}{2}\right)\left(a+b+c+\frac{3\sqrt{13}+3}{2}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge\frac{3\sqrt{13}-3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{3\sqrt{13}-3}{2}\right)^2=\frac{21-3\sqrt{13}}{2}>5\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2>5\)
Dấu "=" ko xảy ra