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1) \(ĐKXĐ:\hept{\begin{cases}x\ge0\\x\ne4\end{cases}}\)
\(P=\frac{2+\sqrt{x}}{2-\sqrt{x}}-\frac{2-\sqrt{x}}{2+\sqrt{x}}-\frac{4x}{x-4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P=\frac{\left(2+\sqrt{x}\right)^2-\left(2-\sqrt{x}\right)^2+4x}{\left(2+\sqrt{x}\right)\left(2-\sqrt{x}\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P=\frac{4+4\sqrt{x}+x-4+4\sqrt{x}-x+4x}{\left(2+\sqrt{x}\right)\left(2-\sqrt{x}\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P=\frac{4x+8\sqrt{x}}{\left(2+\sqrt{x}\right)\left(2-\sqrt{x}\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P=\frac{4\sqrt{x}}{2-\sqrt{x}}\)
2) Để \(P=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{4\sqrt{x}}{2-\sqrt{x}}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\sqrt{x}=4-2\sqrt{x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6\sqrt{x}=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}=\frac{2}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{4}{9}\)
Vậy để \(P=2\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{4}{9}\)
3) Khi \(\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(2\sqrt{x}-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x}-2=0\\2\sqrt{x}-1==0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x}=2\\\sqrt{x}=\frac{1}{2}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=4\left(ktm\right)\\x=\frac{1}{4}\left(tm\right)\end{cases}}\)
Thay \(x=\frac{1}{4}\)vào P, ta được :
\(\Leftrightarrow P=\frac{4\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}}{2-\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}}=\frac{4\cdot\frac{1}{2}}{2-\frac{1}{2}}=\frac{2}{\frac{3}{2}}=\frac{4}{3}\)
4) Để \(P=\frac{\sqrt{x}+3}{2\sqrt{x}-1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{4\sqrt{x}}{2-\sqrt{x}}=\frac{\sqrt{x}+3}{2\sqrt{x}-1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow8x-4\sqrt{x}=-x-\sqrt{x}+6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9x-3\sqrt{x}-6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x-\sqrt{x}-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}=3x-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=9x^2-12x+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9x^2-13x+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(9x-4\right)\left(x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}9x-4=0\\x-1=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=\frac{4}{9}\\x=1\end{cases}}\)
Thử lại ta được kết quá : \(x=\frac{4}{9}\left(ktm\right)\); \(x=1\left(tm\right)\)
Vậy để \(P=\frac{\sqrt{x}+3}{2\sqrt{x}-1}\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
5) Để biểu thức nhận giá trị nguyên
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{4\sqrt{x}}{2-\sqrt{x}}\inℤ\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\sqrt{x}⋮2-\sqrt{x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-4\left(2-\sqrt{x}\right)+8⋮2-\sqrt{x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow8⋮2-\sqrt{x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2-\sqrt{x}\inƯ\left(8\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm2;\pm4;\pm8\right\}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}\in\left\{1;3;0;4;-2;6;-6;10\right\}\)
Ta loại các giá trị < 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}\in\left\{1;3;0;4;6;10\right\}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{1;9;0;16;36;100\right\}\)
Vậy để \(P\inℤ\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{1;9;0;16;36;100\right\}\)
\(\)
Bài làm:
a) Tại x = 2 thì giá trị của B là:
\(B=-\frac{10}{2-4}=\frac{-10}{-2}=5\)
b) Ta có:
\(A=\frac{x+2}{x+5}+\frac{-5x-1}{x^2+6x+5}-\frac{1}{1+x}\)
\(A=\frac{x+2}{x+5}-\frac{5x+1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+5\right)}-\frac{1}{x+1}\)
\(A=\frac{\left(x+2\right)\left(x+1\right)-5x-1-\left(x+5\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+5\right)}\)
\(A=\frac{x^2+3x+2-5x-1-x-5}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+5\right)}\)
\(A=\frac{x^2-3x-4}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+5\right)}\)
\(A=\frac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-4\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+5\right)}\)
\(A=\frac{x-4}{x+5}\)
c) Ta có: \(P=A.B=\frac{x-4}{x+5}\cdot\frac{-10}{x-4}=\frac{-10}{x+5}\)
Để \(-\frac{10}{x+5}\inℤ\Rightarrow\left(x+5\right)\inƯ\left(-10\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm2;\pm5;\pm10\right\}\)
=> \(x\in\left\{-15;-10;-7;-6;-4;-3;0;5\right\}\)
a) \(B=\frac{-10}{x-4}\)( ĐKXĐ : \(x\ne4\))
Tại x = 2 ( tmđk ) thì \(B=\frac{-10}{2-4}=\frac{-10}{-2}=5\)
b) \(A=\frac{x+2}{x+5}+\frac{-5x-1}{x^2+6x+5}-\frac{1}{1+x}\)
ĐKXĐ : \(x\ne-5,x\ne-1\)
\(A=\frac{x+2}{x+5}-\frac{5x+1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+5\right)}-\frac{1}{x+1}\)
\(A=\frac{\left(x+2\right)\left(x+1\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+5\right)}-\frac{5x+1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+5\right)}-\frac{1\left(x+5\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+5\right)}\)
\(A=\frac{x^2+3x+2-5x-1-x-5}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+5\right)}\)
\(A=\frac{x^2-3x-4}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+5\right)}\)
\(A=\frac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-4\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+5\right)}=\frac{x-4}{x+5}\)
c) \(P=A\cdot B=\frac{x-4}{x+5}\cdot\frac{-10}{x-4}=\frac{-10}{x+5}\)( ĐKXĐ : \(x\ne-5\))
Để P nguyên => \(\frac{-10}{x+5}\)nguyên
=> -10 chia hết cho x + 5
=> x + 5 thuộc Ư(-10) = { ±1 ; ±2 ; ±5 ; ±10 }
| x+5 | 1 | -1 | 2 | -2 | 5 | -5 | 10 | -10 |
| x | -4 | -6 | -3 | -7 | 0 | -10 | 5 | -15 |
Các giá trị của x đều tmđk
Vậy x = { -4 ; -6 ; -3 ; -7 ; 0 ; -10 ; 5 ; -15 }
a) x = 16 (tm) => A = \(\frac{\sqrt{16}-2}{\sqrt{16}+1}=\frac{4-2}{4+1}=\frac{2}{5}\)
b) B = \(\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}+5}-\frac{x+2\sqrt{x}-5}{25-x}\right):\frac{\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}-5}\)
B = \(\frac{\sqrt{x}-5+x+2\sqrt{x}-5}{\left(\sqrt{x}-5\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+5\right)}\cdot\frac{\sqrt{x}-5}{\sqrt{x}+2}\)
B = \(\frac{x+3\sqrt{x}-10}{\left(\sqrt{x}+5\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\)
B = \(\frac{x+5\sqrt{x}-2\sqrt{x}-10}{\left(\sqrt{x}+5\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\)
B = \(\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}+5\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+5\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}=\frac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}+2}\)
c) P = \(\frac{B}{A}=\frac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}+2}:\frac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}+1}=\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}+2}\)
=> \(P\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\ge x+6\sqrt{x}-13\)
<=> \(\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}+2}.\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)-x-6\sqrt{x}+13\ge0\)
<=> \(-x-6\sqrt{x}+13+\sqrt{x}+1\ge0\)
<=> \(-x-5\sqrt{x}+14\ge0\)
<=> \(x+5\sqrt{x}-14\le0\)
<=> \(x+7\sqrt{x}-2\sqrt{x}-14\le0\)
<=> \(\left(\sqrt{x}+7\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\le0\)
Do \(\sqrt{x}+7>0\) với mọi x => \(\sqrt{x}-2\le0\)
<=> \(\sqrt{x}\le2\) <=> \(x\le4\)
Kết hợp với Đk: x \(\ge\)0; x \(\ne\)4; x \(\ne\)25
và x thuộc Z => x = {0; 1; 2; 3}
d) M = \(3P\cdot\frac{\sqrt{x}+2}{x+\sqrt{x}+4}\) <=>M = \(3\cdot\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}+2}\cdot\frac{\sqrt{x}+2}{x+\sqrt{x}+4}\)
M = \(\frac{3\sqrt{x}+3}{x+\sqrt{x}+4}=\frac{x+\sqrt{x}+4-x+2\sqrt{x}-1}{\left(x+\sqrt{x}+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\frac{15}{4}}=1-\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{x}+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{15}{4}}\le1\)(Do \(\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2\ge0\) và \(\left(\sqrt{x}+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{15}{4}>0\))
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\sqrt{x}-1=0\) <=> \(x=1\)
Vậy MaxM = 1 khi x = 1
Ta có: