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a) \(A=\frac{1}{1^2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{50^2}\)
\(A< 1+\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+...+\frac{1}{49.50}\)
\(=1+1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{49}-\frac{1}{50}\)
\(=1+1-\frac{1}{50}\)
\(=2-\frac{1}{50}< 2\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 2\)
b) Ta thấy : 21 = 3 .7 ( 3 ; 7 ) = 1
để chứng minh B \(⋮\)21 , ta cần chứng minh B \(⋮\)3 và 7
Ta có :
B = 21 + 22 + 23 + 24 + ... + 230
B = ( 2 + 22 ) + ( 23 + 24 ) + ... + ( 229 + 230 )
B = 2 . ( 1 + 2 ) + 23 . ( 1 + 2 ) + ... + 229 . ( 1 + 2 )
B = 2 . 3 + 23 . 3 + ... + 229 . 3
B = ( 2 + 23 + ... + 229 ) . 3 \(⋮\)3 ( 1 )
Lại có : B = 21 + 22 + 23 + 24 + ... + 230
B = ( 21 + 22 + 23 ) + ( 24 + 25 + 26 ) + ... + ( 228 + 229 + 230 )
B = 2 . ( 1 + 2 + 22 ) + 24 . ( 1 + 2 + 22 ) + ... + 228 . ( 1 + 2 + 22 )
B = 2 . 7 + 24 . 7 + ... + 228 . 7
B = ( 2 + 24 + ... + 228 ) . 7 \(⋮\)7 ( 2 )
Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 ) \(\Rightarrow\)B \(⋮\)21
a. B=21+22+....+230
=>B=(21+22+23+24+25+26)+(27+28+29+210+211+212)+...+(225+226+227+228+229+230)
=>B=(21+22+23+24+25+26)+26.(21+22+23+24+25+26)+...+224.(21+22+23+24+25+26)
=>B=126+26.126+...+224.126
=>B=126.(1+26+...+224) \(⋮\)21 vì 126\(⋮\)21.
b)B=21+22+....+230
B=(21+22+23+24)+(25+26+27+28)+...+(227+228+229+230)
B=(21+22+23+24)+24.(21+22+23+24)+...+226.(21+22+23+24)
B=30+24.30+...+226.30
B=30.(1+24+...+226) \(⋮\)6 vì 30 \(⋮\)6.
c)
B=21+22+....+230
B=(21+22+23+24)+(25+26+27+28)+...+(227+228+229+230)
B=(21+22+23+24)+24.(21+22+23+24)+...+226.(21+22+23+24)
B=30+24.30+...+226.30
B=30.(1+24+...+226)
\(⋮\)30 vì 30 \(⋮\)30 => B chia 30 dư 0.
a. B=21+22+....+230
<=>B=(21+22+23+24+25+26)+(27+28+29+210+211+212)+...+(225+226+227+228+229+230)
<=>B=(21+22+23+24+25+26)+26.(21+22+23+24+25+26)+...+224.(21+22+23+24+25+26)
<=>B=126+26.126+...+224.126
<=>B=126.(1+26+...+224) ⋮21 vì 126⋮21.
b)B=21+22+....+230
B=(21+22+23+24)+(25+26+27+28)+...+(227+228+229+230)
B=(21+22+23+24)+24.(21+22+23+24)+...+226.(21+22+23+24)
B=30+24.30+...+226.30
B=30.(1+24+...+226) ⋮6 vì 30 ⋮6.
c)
B=21+22+....+230
B=(21+22+23+24)+(25+26+27+28)+...+(227+228+229+230)
B=(21+22+23+24)+24.(21+22+23+24)+...+226.(21+22+23+24)
B=30+24.30+...+226.30
B=30.(1+24+...+226)
⋮30 vì 30