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mH2SO4=9,8%.300=29,4(g)
=> nH2SO4=0,3(mol)
a) PTHH: 2Al +3 H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3 + 3 H2
0,2<-------------0,3----------->0,1------------->0,3(mol)
b) a=mAl=0,2.27=5,4(g)
c) V(H2,đktc)=0,3.22,4=6,72(l)
d) mAl2(SO4)3=0,1.342=34,2(g)
e) mddAl2(SO4)3=mAl+mddH2SO4- mH2= 5,4+300-0,3.2= 304,8(g)
=> C%ddAl2(SO4)3=(34,2/304,8).100=11,22%
a) 2Al+ 3H2SO4→ Al2(SO4)3+ 3H2
(mol) 0,2 0,3 0,1 0,3
b) m H2SO4= 300. 9,8%= 29,4(g)
n H2SO4= \(\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{29,4}{98}=0,3\)(mol)
c) V H2= n.22,4= 0,3.22,4= 6,72(lít)
m H2= n.m= 0,3.2= 0,6(g)
d) m Al2(SO4)3= n.M= 0,1.342= 34,2(g)
e) mAl= n.M= 0,2.27= 5,4(g)
mddsau phản ứng= mAl+ mdd H2SO4- m H2
= 5,4+300-0,6= 304,8(g)
=> C%ddsau phản ứng= \(\dfrac{34,2}{304,8}.100\%=11,22\%\)
PTHH : \(Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\)
a)Số mol của \(Al_2O_3\)là :
\(n_{Al_2O_3}=\frac{m_{Al_2O_3}}{M_{Al_2O_3}}=\frac{10,2}{102}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH ,ta có : \(n_{HCl}=n_{Al_2O_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=n_{HCl}.M_{HCl}=0,1.36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\)
b)Theo PTHH ,ta có : \(n_{HCl}=n_{AlCl_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=n_{AlCl_3}.M_{AlCl_3}=0,1.133,5=13,35\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{AlCl_3}=\frac{mAl_2O_3}{m_{AlCl_3}}=\frac{10,2}{13,35}\approx76,4\%\)
Ta có \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\frac{m}{M}=\frac{10,2}{102}=0,1\)(mol) (1)
Phương trinh hóa học phản ứng
Al2O3 + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2O
1 : 6 : 2 : 3 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) => nHCl = 0,6 mol
=> mHCl = \(n.M=0,6.36,5=21,9\left(g\right)\)
Ta có \(\frac{m_{HCl}}{m_{dd}}=20\%\)
<=> \(\frac{21,9}{m_{dd}}=\frac{1}{5}\)
<=> \(m_{dd}=109,5\left(g\right)\)
=> Khối lượng dung dịch HCl 20% là 109,5 g
b) \(n_{AlCl_3}=0,2\)(mol)
=> \(m_{AlCl_3}=n.M=0,2.133,5=26,7g\)
mdung dịch sau phản ứng = 109,5 + 10,2 = 119,7 g
=> \(C\%=\frac{26,7}{119,7}.100\%=22,3\%\)
nMg = 6,72 : 22,4 = 0,3 mol
Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
0,3 0,6 0,3
=> mMg = 0,3 . 24 = 7,2 g
CM HCl = 0,6 : 0,5 = 4M
a)
$2Al +3H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2$
b)
$n_{H_2} = n_{H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{300.9,8\%}{98} = 0,3(mol)$
$V_{H_2} = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72(lít)$
c)
$n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} = \dfrac{1}{3}n_{H_2SO_4} = 0,1(mol)$
$m_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} = 0,1.342 = 34,2(gam)$
d)
$n_{Al} = \dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2SO_4} = 0,2(mol)$
$m_{dd} = 0,2.27 + 300 - 0,3.2 = 304,8(gam)$
$C\%_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} = \dfrac{34,2}{304,8}.100\% = 11,22\%$
nH2SO4=0,3(mol)
PTHH: 2Al + 3 H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3 + 3 H2
a) 0,2_______0,3______0,1______0,3(mol)
b) V(H2,đktc)=0,3.22,4=6,72(l)
c) a=mAl=0,2.27=5,4(g)
=>a=5,4(g)
d) mAl2(SO4)3=342.0,1=34,2(g)
e) mddAl2(SO4)3= 5,4+ 300 - 0,3.2= 304,8(g)
=>C%ddAl2(SO4)3= (34,2/304,8).100=11,22%
a) \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
0,1-->0,2------>0,1--->0,1
=> \(m_{FeCl_2}=0,1.127=12,7\left(g\right)\)
b) mdd sau pư = 5,6 + 200 - 0,1.2 = 205,4 (g)
=> \(C\%=\dfrac{12,7}{205,4}.100\%=6,18\%\)
nH2 = VH2 : 22,4 = 3,36 : 22,4 = 0,15 mol
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Tỉ lệ: 2 3
Pứ: ? mol 0,15
Từ pthh ta có nAl = 2/3 nH2 = 2/3 . 0,15 = 0,1 mol
=> mAl = nAl . MAl = 0,1 . 27 = 2,7g
nZn=0,1 mol
Zn +2HCl=> ZnCl2+ H2
0,1 mol =>0,2 mol
=>mHCl=36,5.0,2=7,3g
=>m dd HCl=7,3/14,6%=50g
mdd sau pứ=6,5+50-0,1.2=56,3g
=>C% dd ZnCl2=(0,1.136)/56,3.100%=24,16%
a.b. Zn + 2HCl ---> ZnCl2 + H2 (1)
Theo pt: 65g 73g 136g 2g
Theo đề: 6,5g 7,3g 13,6g
=> mddHCl=\(\frac{7,3.100}{14,6}=50\left(g\right)\)
c. Từ pt (1), ta có: \(C_{\%}=\frac{13,6}{50+6,5}.100\%=24,1\%\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{10,8}{27}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
0,4 1,2 0,4 0,6
\(a,V_{H_2}=0,6.22,4=13,44\left(l\right)\)
\(b,m_{HCl}=1,2.36,5=43,8\left(g\right)\)
\(c,m_{AlCl_3}=133,5.0,4=53,4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{43,8.100}{10}=438\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddAlCl_3}=10,8+438-\left(0,6.2\right)=447,6\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%=\dfrac{53,8}{447,6}.100\%\approx12,02\%\)
\(n_{H_2}=\frac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
_________\(0,2\)____\(0,6\)_____\(0,2\)______\(0,3\left(mol\right)\)
a) \(m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\)
b) \(m_{HCl}=0,6.36,5=21,9\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{HCl}=\frac{21,9}{200}.100\%=10,95\%\)
c) \(m_{AlCl_3}=0,2.133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{AlCl_3}=\frac{26,7}{200}.100\%=13,35\%\)
d) \(V_{AlCl_3}=\frac{26,7}{1,1}=\frac{267}{11}\left(l\right)\)
\(C_{M_{AlCl_3}}=\frac{0,2}{\frac{267}{11}}=0,007\left(M\right)\)