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Trong 3 số a,b, c có hai số đối nhau g/s 2 số đó là a và b kho đó a=-b
=> \(\frac{1}{a^{2019}}+\frac{1}{b^{2019}}+\frac{1}{c^{2019}}=\frac{1}{\left(-b\right)^{2019}}+\frac{1}{b^{2019}}+\frac{1}{c^{2019}}=-\frac{1}{b^{2019}}+\frac{1}{b^{2019}}+\frac{1}{c^{2019}}=\frac{1}{c^{2019}}\)
và \(\frac{1}{a^{2019}+b^{2019}+c^{2019}}=\frac{1}{\left(-b\right)^{2019}+b^{2019}+c^{2019}}=\frac{1}{-b^{2019}+b^{2019}+c^{2019}}=\frac{1}{c^{2019}}\)
Do đó: \(\frac{1}{a^{2019}}+\frac{1}{b^{2019}}+\frac{1}{c^{2019}}=\frac{1}{a^{2019}+b^{2019}+c^{2019}}\)
Ta có: \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)=a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc}=2019\left(đpcm\right)\)
Ta có : \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+^2-ab-ac-bc\right)\)
\(=a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc}=2019\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
Xét phân thức phụ sau, với n nguyên dương lớn hơn 1 ta có:
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\left(n+1\right)-n}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}\)
\(< \frac{2\sqrt{n+1}\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{n+1}\right)^2\sqrt{n}}=2\left(\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\left(\sqrt{n+1}\right)\sqrt{n}}\right)\)
\(=2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
=> \(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}< 2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
Áp dụng vào bài toán ta được:
\(A=2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2019}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2020}}\right)\)
\(A=2-\frac{2}{\sqrt{2020}}< 2=B\)
Vậy A < B
Với mọi \(n\inℕ^∗\) ta có:
\(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n-1}}{\left(n+1\right)^2n-n^2\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1}}\)
Áp dụng đẳng thức trên ta có:
\(A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+....+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2018}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2019}}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2019}}\)
\(t\text{ổng}qu\text{át}:\frac{1}{n\sqrt{n-1}+\left(n-1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{n\sqrt{n-1}-\left(n-1\right)\sqrt{n}}{n^2\left(n-1\right)-\left(n-1\right)^2n}\)
\(=\frac{n\sqrt{n-1}-\left(n-1\right)\sqrt{n}}{\left(n-1\right)n}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\)
Thay vào A có
\(A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2016}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2017}}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2017}}\)
1) Ta có: \(2020^2=\left(2019+1\right)^2=2019^2+2.2019+1.\)
\(\Rightarrow1+2019^2=2020^2-2.2019\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\sqrt{1+2019^2+\frac{2019^2}{2020^2}}+\frac{2019}{2020}=\sqrt{2020^2-2.2019+\frac{2019^2}{2020^2}}+\frac{2019}{2020}\)
\(=\sqrt{2020^2-2.2020.\frac{2019}{2020}+\left(\frac{2019}{2020}\right)^2}+\frac{2019}{2020}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(2020-\frac{2019}{2020}\right)^2}+\frac{2019}{2020}=2020-\frac{2019}{2020}+\frac{2019}{2020}\)
\(=2020\)
Vậy M=2020.
2) Xét : \(k\in N;k\ge2\)ta có:
\(\left(1+\frac{1}{k-1}-\frac{1}{k}\right)^2=1+\frac{1}{\left(k-1\right)^2}+\frac{1}{k^2}+\frac{2}{k-1}-\frac{2}{\left(k-1\right)k}-\frac{2}{k}\)
\(=1+\frac{1}{\left(k-1\right)^2}+\frac{1}{k^2}+\frac{2}{k-1}-\frac{2}{k-1}+\frac{2}{k}-\frac{2}{k}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(1+\frac{1}{k-1}-\frac{1}{k}\right)^2=1+\frac{1}{\left(k-1\right)^2}+\frac{1}{k^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{\left(k-1\right)^2}+\frac{1}{k^2}}=1+\frac{1}{k-1}+\frac{1}{k}\)
Cho \(k=3,4,...,2020.\)Ta có:
\(N=\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}}+\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}}+...+\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{2019^2}+\frac{1}{2020^2}}\)
\(=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}\right)+...+\left(1+\frac{1}{2018}-\frac{1}{2019}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{2019}-\frac{1}{2020}\right)\)
\(=2018+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2020}=2018\frac{1009}{2020}\)
Vậy \(N=2018\frac{1009}{2020}.\)
\(A=\frac{2^{2019}}{2^{2020}-1}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{2^{2020}-1+1}{2^{2020}-1}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\left(1+\frac{1}{2^{2020}-1}\right)\)
\(B=\frac{3^{2019}}{3^{2020}-1}=\frac{1}{3}\left(1+\frac{1}{3^{2020}-1}\right)< \frac{1}{2}\left(1+\frac{1}{3^{2020}-1}\right)< \frac{1}{2}\left(1+\frac{1}{2^{2020}-1}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow B< A\)
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