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2, a, \(a+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2+1}{a}\ge2\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2-2a+1\ge0\left(a>0\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)^2\ge0\)( là đt đúng vs mọi a)
vậy...................
Câu 1:
\(M=\sqrt{4+\sqrt{5\sqrt{3}+5\sqrt{48-10\sqrt{7+4\sqrt{3}}}}}\)
\(=\sqrt{4+\sqrt{5\sqrt{3}+5\sqrt{48-10\sqrt{\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}}}}\)
\(=\sqrt{4+\sqrt{5\sqrt{3}+5\sqrt{48-20-10\sqrt{3}}}}\)
\(=\sqrt{4+\sqrt{5\sqrt{3}+5\sqrt{\left(5-\sqrt{3}\right)^2}}}\)
\(=\sqrt{4+\sqrt{5\sqrt{3}+25-5\sqrt{3}}}\)
\(=\sqrt{4+5}=3\)
\(M=\sqrt{5-\sqrt{3-\sqrt{29-12\sqrt{5}}}}\)
\(=\sqrt{5-\sqrt{3-\sqrt{\left(2\sqrt{5}-3\right)^2}}}\)
\(=\sqrt{5-\sqrt{3-2\sqrt{5}+3}}\)
\(=\sqrt{5-\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}+1}=\sqrt{6-\sqrt{5}}\)
a.
Bình phương 2 vế, BĐT cần chứng minh trở thành:
\(\sqrt{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)}+\sqrt{\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)}+\sqrt{\left(c^2+1\right)\left(a^2+1\right)}\ge6\)
Ta có:
\(\sqrt{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(1+b^2\right)}\ge\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2}=a+b\)
Tương tự cộng lại:
\(\sqrt{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)}+\sqrt{\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)}+\sqrt{\left(c^2+1\right)\left(a^2+1\right)}\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)=6\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
b.
\(\sum\dfrac{a+1}{a^2+2a+3}=\sum\dfrac{a+1}{a^2+1+2a+2}\le\sum\dfrac{a+1}{4a+2}\)
Nên ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\sum\dfrac{a+1}{4a+2}\le1\Leftrightarrow\sum\dfrac{4a+4}{4a+2}\le4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\dfrac{1}{2a+1}\ge1\)
Đúng đo: \(\dfrac{1}{2a+1}+\dfrac{1}{2b+1}+\dfrac{1}{2c+1}\ge\dfrac{9}{2\left(a+b+c\right)+3}=1\)
\(\dfrac{P}{\sqrt{2}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{2b\left(a+b\right)}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{2c\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{2a\left(a+c\right)}}\)
\(\dfrac{P}{\sqrt{2}}\ge\dfrac{2a}{2b+a+b}+\dfrac{2b}{2c+b+c}+\dfrac{2c}{2a+a+c}\)
\(\dfrac{P}{\sqrt{2}}\ge2\left(\dfrac{a}{a+3b}+\dfrac{b}{b+3c}+\dfrac{c}{c+3a}\right)=2\left(\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+3ab}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+3bc}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+3ca}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{P}{\sqrt{2}}\ge\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2+ab+bc+ca}\ge\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}\) (đpcm)
\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{ab+b^2}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}.a}{\sqrt{2b\left(a+b\right)}}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{2}.a}{\dfrac{2b+a+b}{2}}=\dfrac{2\sqrt{2}a}{a+3b}\)
làm tương tự với \(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{bc+c^2}};\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{ca+a^2}}\)
\(=>P\ge2\sqrt{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+3b}+\dfrac{b}{b+3c}+\dfrac{c}{c+3a}\right)\)
\(=2\sqrt{2}\left(\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\right)\)
\(=2\sqrt{2}\left[\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+\dfrac{4}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+\dfrac{8}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\right]\)
\(=2\sqrt{2}\left[\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\dfrac{4}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\right]=\dfrac{2\sqrt{2}.3}{4}=\dfrac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
dấu"=" xảy ra<=>a=b=c
\(\text{Ta có }:\left(\sqrt{x^2+y^2}+\sqrt{z^2+t^2}\right)^2\\ =x^2+y^2+2\sqrt{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(z^2+t^2\right)}+z^2+t^2\)
Áp dụng định lí bu-nhi-a-cốp-xki:
\(\Rightarrow2\sqrt{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(z^2+t^2\right)}\ge2\sqrt{\left(xz+yt\right)^2}=2xz+2yt\\ \Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{x^2+y^2}+\sqrt{z^2+t^2}\right)^2\\ \ge x^2+y^2+2xz+2yt+z^2+t^2\\ =x^2+2xz+z^2+y^2+2yt+t^2\\ =\left(x+z\right)^2+\left(y+t\right)^2\\ \Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2+y^2}+\sqrt{z^2+t^2}\ge\sqrt{\left(x+z\right)^2+\left(y+t\right)^2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{y}=\frac{z}{t}\)
Áp dụng BDT trên
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{a^2+b^2-\sqrt{3}ab}+\sqrt{b^2+c^2-bc}\\ =\sqrt{\frac{3}{4}a^2-\sqrt{3}ab+b^2+\frac{1}{4}a^2}+\sqrt{b^2-bc+\frac{1}{4}c^2+\frac{3}{4}c^2}\\ =\sqrt{\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}a-b\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}a^2}+\sqrt{\left(b-\frac{1}{2}c\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}c^2}\\ \ge\sqrt{\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}a-b+b-\frac{1}{2}c\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{2}a+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}c\right)^2}\\ =\sqrt{\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}a-\frac{1}{2}c\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{2}a+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}c\right)^2}\\ =\sqrt{\frac{3}{4}a^2-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}ac+\frac{1}{4}c^2+\frac{1}{4}a^2+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}ac+\frac{3}{4}c^2}\\ \\ =\sqrt{a^2+c^2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}a-b}{\frac{1}{2}a}=\frac{b-\frac{1}{2}c}{\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\sqrt{3}a-2b}{a}=\frac{2b-c}{\sqrt{3}c}\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{3}c\left(\sqrt{3}a-2b\right)=a\left(2b-c\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow3ac-2\sqrt{3}bc=2ab-ac\\ \Leftrightarrow4ac-2\sqrt{3}bc-2ab=0\)
Nguyễn Thu Huyền Chỗ nào có \(\le\) thì chuyển thành \(\ge\) nhé. Thế là ok. Tại mk bấm nhầm 
\(\text{Ta có }:a^2+ab+b^2=\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right)-ab\\ =\left(a+b\right)^2-ab\overset{BĐT\text{ }Cô-si}{\le}\left(a+b\right)^2-\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2\\ \Rightarrow\sqrt{a^2+ab+b^2}\le\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(a+b\right)\)
Tương tự : \(\sqrt{b^2+bc+c^2}\le\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(b+c\right)\)
\(\sqrt{a^2+ac+c^2}\le\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(a+c\right)\\ \Rightarrow\sqrt{a^2+ab+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2+bc+c^2}+\sqrt{a^2+ac+c^2}\\ \le\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(a+b\right)+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(b+c\right)+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(a+c\right)\\= \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(a+b+b+c+a+c\right)=\sqrt{3}\left(a+b+c\right)=3\sqrt{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=b\\b=c\\a=c\\a+b+c=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Áp dụng bđt thức svacxo: \(\frac{x_1^2}{y_1}+\frac{x_2^2}{y_2}\ge\frac{\left(x_1+x_2\right)^2}{y_1+y_2}\) (1)
CM bđt đúng: Áp dụng bđt bunhiacopxki, ta có: (với y1; y2 > = 0)
\(\left[\left(\frac{x_1}{\sqrt{y_1}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{x_2}{\sqrt{y_2}}\right)^2\right]\left[\left(\sqrt{y_1}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{y_2}\right)^2\right]\ge\left(\frac{x_1}{\sqrt{y_1}}.\sqrt{y_1}+\frac{x_2}{\sqrt{y_2}}.\sqrt{y_2}\right)^2\)
\(\ge\left(x_1+x_2\right)^2\) => \(\frac{x_1^2}{y_1}+\frac{x_2^2}{y_2}\ge\frac{\left(x_1+x_2\right)^2}{y_1+y_2}\) (đpcm)
Ta có: \(a^2+b^2\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\) => \(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}\ge\sqrt{\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}}=\frac{a+b}{\sqrt{2}}\)(Vì a,b > = 0) (1)
CMTT: \(\sqrt{b^2+c^2}\ge\frac{b+c}{\sqrt{2}}\) (2)
\(\sqrt{c^2+a^2}\ge\frac{a+c}{\sqrt{2}}\) (3)
Từ (1) ; (2) và (3) ta có: \(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2+a^2}\ge\frac{a+b}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{b+c}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{a+c}{\sqrt{2}}\)
\(S\ge\frac{a+b+b+c+c+a}{\sqrt{2}}=\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{\sqrt{2}}=3\sqrt{2}=\sqrt{18}\)(Đpcm)
Ta chứng minh BĐT Minkowski: \(\sqrt{m^2+n^2}+\sqrt{p^2+q^2}\ge\sqrt{\left(m+p\right)^2+\left(n+q\right)^2}\)(*)
Thật vậy: (*)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(m^2+n^2\right)+\left(p^2+q^2\right)+2\sqrt{\left(m^2+n^2\right)\left(p^2+q^2\right)}\ge m^2+p^2+2mp+n^2+q^2+2nq\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(m^2+n^2\right)\left(p^2+q^2\right)\ge\left(mp+nq\right)^2\)(đúng theo BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz)
Áp dụng, ta được: \(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2+a^2}\ge\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2}+\sqrt{c^2+a^2}\)\(\ge\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(b+c+a\right)^2}=\sqrt{3^2+3^2}=\sqrt{18}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1