Hãy nhập câu hỏi của bạn vào đây, nếu là tài khoản VIP, bạn sẽ được ưu tiên trả lời.
2a)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\forall a,b>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}=\dfrac{1}{a+b+a+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}=\dfrac{1}{a+b+b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}=\dfrac{1}{a+c+b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\)
Chứng minh rằng \(\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\forall a,b>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\) ( đpcm )
Vì \(\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
Mà \(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)( đpcm )
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
2b)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1+a^2\ge2\sqrt{a^2}=2a\\1+b^2\ge2\sqrt{b^2}=2b\\1+c^2\ge2\sqrt{c^2}=2c\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{1+a^2}\le\dfrac{a}{2a}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{b}{1+b^2}\le\dfrac{b}{2b}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{c}{1+c^2}\le\dfrac{c}{2c}=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{b}{1+b^2}+\dfrac{c}{1+c^2}\le\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\) ( đpcm )
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Bài 1)
Nháp : nhìn nhanh ta thấy nên áp dụng BĐT \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
Giải
Vì x,y > 0 =) 2x + y > 0 , x + 2y > 0
Áp dụng BĐT cauchy dạng phân thức cho hai bộ số không âm \(\dfrac{1}{2x+y}\)và\(\dfrac{1}{x+2y}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+2y}+\dfrac{1}{2x+y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+2y+2x+y}=\dfrac{4}{3\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(3x+3y\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2x+y}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y}\right)\ge\left(3x+3y\right).\dfrac{4}{3\left(x+y\right)}=4\)
Dấu '' = "xảy ra khi và chỉ khi x + 2y = y + 2x (=) x=y
Bài 1: \(a+b\ge1\). cm \(a^4+b^4\ge\dfrac{1}{8}\)
ta có : \(a^2+b^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{2}\)(BĐT bunyakovsky)
Áp dụng BĐt bunyakovsky 1 lần nữa:
\(a^4+b^4\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{1}{8}\)
dấu = xảy ra khi \(a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Bài 2:
Áp dụng BĐT bunyakovsky dạng đa thức và phân thức:
\(\left(\dfrac{a^3}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^3}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^3}{a^2}\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b}+\dfrac{b^2}{c}+\dfrac{c^2}{a}\right)^2\ge\left[\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c}\right]^2=\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
do đó \(\dfrac{a^3}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^3}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^3}{a^2}\ge a+b+c\)
dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\left(1^2+1^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^2=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge1\Rightarrow a^2+b^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Lại theo Cauchy-Schwarz lần nữa:
\(\left[\left(1^2\right)^2+\left(1^2\right)^2\right]\left[\left(a^2\right)^2+\left(b^2\right)^2\right]\ge\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^4+b^4\right)\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\Leftrightarrow a^4+b^4\ge\dfrac{1}{8}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Bài 2:
Trước tiên ta chứng minh \(\dfrac{a^3}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^3}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^3}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{a^2}{b}+\dfrac{b^2}{c}+\dfrac{c^2}{a}\)
Ta chứng minh bổ đề: \(\dfrac{a^3}{b^2}\ge\dfrac{a^2}{b}+a-b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3\ge ab\left(a+b\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a+b\right)\ge0\)(đúng)
Viết các BĐT tương tự và cộng lại
\(\dfrac{a^3}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^3}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^3}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{a^2}{b}+a-b+\dfrac{b^2}{c}+b-c+\dfrac{c^2}{a}+c-a=\dfrac{a^2}{b}+\dfrac{b^2}{c}+\dfrac{c^2}{a}\left(1\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b}+\dfrac{b^2}{c}+\dfrac{c^2}{a}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c}=a+b+c\left(2\right)\)
Từ \((1);(2)\) ta thu được ĐPCM
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐt cauchy dạng phân thức:
\(\dfrac{1}{2x+y}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y}\ge\dfrac{4}{3\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(3x+3y\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2x+y}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y}\right)\ge\left(3x+3y\right).\dfrac{4}{3x+3y}=4\)
dấu = xảy ra khi 2x+y=x+2y <=> x=y
Bài 2:
ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{d}\ge\dfrac{4^2}{a+b+c+d}=\dfrac{16}{a+b+c+d}\)(theo BĐt cauchy-schwarz)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b+c+d}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{d}\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT trên vào bài toán ta có:
\(A=\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)\)\(A\le\dfrac{1}{16}.4\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
......
dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c
Bài 2:
Áp dụng BĐT cauchy cho 2 số dương:
\(a^2+1\ge2a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{a^2+1}\le\dfrac{a}{2a}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
thiết lập tương tự:\(\dfrac{b}{b^2+1}\le\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{c}{c^2+1}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
cả 2 vế các BĐT đều dương ,cộng vế với vế,ta có dpcm
dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
Ta có: \(a+b+c=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\((a+b+c)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(1+2(ab+bc+ac)=0\) ( Vì \(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\) )
\(\Rightarrow\)\(ab+bc+cd=\)\(-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\((ab+bc+cd)^2=\)\(\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(a^2b^2+a^2c^2+b^2c^2+2a^2bc+2ab^2c+2abc^2\)\(=\)\(\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(a^2b^2+a^2c^2+b^2c^2+2abc(a+b+c)\)\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(a^2b^2 +a^2c^2+b^2c^2\)\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\) ( Vì \(a+b+c=0 \)) \((1)\)
Mặt khác: \(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\((a^2+b^2+c^2)^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(a^4+b^4+c^4+2a^2b^2+2a^2c^2+2b^2c^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(a^4+b^4+c^4+2(a^2b^2+a^2c^2+b^2c^2)=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(a^4+b^4+c^4+2.\)\(\dfrac{1}{4}=1\) (Theo \(1\))
\(\Rightarrow\)\(a^4+b^4+c^4 \)\(=1-\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Đpcm.
Hãy chứng minh \(a^4+b^4+c^4=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{2}\)
Ta có: \(a+b+c=0\)
⇒\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc=0\)
mà \(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\)
nên \(2ab+2ac+2bc=-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\cdot\left(ab+ac+bc\right)=-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+ac+bc\right)^2=\frac{1}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b^2+a^2c^2+b^2c^2+2abc\left(a+b+c\right)=\frac{1}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2=\frac{1}{4}\)
Ta có: \(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4+2\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4+\frac{1}{2}=1\)
hay \(a^4+b^4+c^4=1-\frac{1}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\)(đpcm)
Ta có: a+b+c=0
=> (a+b+c)2 = \(a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=0\)
mà \(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\) => 1 + 2(ab + bc + ac) = 0
=> 2(ab + bc + ac) = -1 => ab + bc + ac = \(\frac{-1}{2}\)
=> (ab + bc + ac)2 = \(\left(\frac{-1}{2}\right)^2\)
=> a2b2 + b2c2 + a2c2 + 2(ab2c+abc2+a2bc) = \(\frac{1}{4}\)
=> a2b2 + b2c2 + a2c2 + 2abc(a+b+c) = \(\frac{1}{4}\)
mà a+b+c = 0 => a2b2 + b2c2 + a2c2 = \(\frac{1}{4}\)
Do a2 + b2 + c2 =1
=> (a2 + b2 + c2)2 = a4 + b4 + c4 + 2(a2b2 + b2c2 + a2c2)=1
=> a4 + b4 + c4 + 2.\(\frac{1}{4}\) = 1
=> a4 + b4 + c4 = 1 - 2.\(\frac{1}{4}\) =\(\frac{1}{2}\)
Bạn không hiểu chỗ nào thì hỏi lại mình nhé
Ta có :
\(\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+3}>\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+4}\)
\(\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+2}>\dfrac{b^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+4}\)
\(\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+1}>\dfrac{c^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+4}\)
\(\dfrac{4}{a^2+4+c^2}\ge\dfrac{4}{a^2+b^2+c^2+4}\)
Cộng vế với vế lại ta được :
\(P>\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2+4}{a^2+b^2+c^2+4}=1\) (đpcm)
Bài 1)
Vì \(a,b,c\) là ba cạnh của tam giác nên :
\(a+b-c,b+c-a,c+a-b>0\)
Đặt \((a+b-c,b+c-a,c+a-b)=(x,y,z)\Rightarrow (a,b,c)=\left(\frac{x+z}{2},\frac{x+y}{2},\frac{y+z}{2}\right)\)
BĐT cần CM tương đương:
\((x+y)(y+z)(x+z)\geq 8xyz\) với \(x,y,z>0\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\((x+y)(y+z)(x+z)\geq 2\sqrt{xy}.2\sqrt{yz}.2\sqrt{xz}=8xyz\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Bài 2)
Để đề bài chặt chẽ phải bổ sung điều kiện \(a,b,c>0\)
\((a^2+b^2+c^2)^2>2(a^4+b^4+c^4) \Leftrightarrow 2(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2) >a^4+b^4+c^4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 4a^2b^2>(c^2-a^2-b^2)^2\Leftrightarrow (2ab+a^2+b^2-c^2)(2ab-a^2-b^2+c^2)>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow [(a+b)^2-c^2][c^2-(a-b)^2]>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a+b-c)(a+b+c)(c+b-a)(c+a-b)>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a+b-c)(b+c-a)(c+a-b)>0\). Khi đó xảy ra các TH:
+) Cả ba nhân tử \(a+b-c,b+c-a,c+a-b>0\) đồng nghĩa với \(a,b,c\) là ba cạnh tam giác
+ ) Tồn tại một nhân tử nhỏ hơn $0$ sẽ kéo theo bắt buộc phải có thêm một nhân tử nhỏ hơn $0$ nữa. Giả sử \(\left\{\begin{matrix} a+b-c<0\\ b+c-a<0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow 2b < 0\) (vô lý)
Vậy ta có đpcm
Bài 1:
\(\dfrac{ab}{c}+\dfrac{bc}{a}+\dfrac{ac}{b}\ge a+b+c\) với a,b,c > 0
Áp dụng BĐT Chauchy cho 2 số không âm, ta có:
\(\dfrac{bc}{a}+\dfrac{ac}{b}=c\left(\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{a}{b}\right)\ge c\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a}.\dfrac{a}{b}}=2c\)
\(\dfrac{ac}{b}+\dfrac{ab}{c}=a\left(\dfrac{c}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}\right)\ge a\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{b}.\dfrac{b}{c}}=2a\)
\(\dfrac{ab}{c}+\dfrac{bc}{a}=b\left(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\ge b\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{c}.\dfrac{c}{a}}=2b\)
Cộng vế theo vế ta được:
\(2\left(\dfrac{ab}{c}+\dfrac{bc}{a}+\dfrac{ac}{b}\right)\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ab}{c}+\dfrac{bc}{a}+\dfrac{ac}{b}\ge a+b+c\)
Ta có: a+b+c=0
=> \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=0\)
=> \(a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac=0\)
=> 2ab + 2bc + 2ac = -1 (do \(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\) )
=> \(\left(2ab+2bc+2ac\right)^2=\left(-1\right)^2\)
=> \(4a^2b^2+4b^2c^2+4a^2c^2+8ab^2c+8abc^2+8a^2bc=1\)
=>\(4a^2b^2+4b^2c^2+4a^2c^2+8abc\left(a+b+c\right)=1\)
=>\(2\left(2a^2b^2+2b^2c^2+2a^2c^2\right)=1\) (do a+b+c=0)
=>\(2a^2b^2+2b^2c^2+2a^2c^2=\frac{1}{2}\)
Lại có: \(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\)
=> \(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2=1\) = 1
=> \(a^4+b^4+c^4+2a^2b^2+2b^2c^2+2a^2c^2=1\)
=> \(a^4+b^4+c^4+\frac{1}{2}=1\)
=> \(a^4+b^4+c^4=\frac{1}{2}\)
=> ĐPCM
Ta có a+b+c=0=>\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=0\)
=>\(a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=0\)(1)
Vì \(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\)
Thay vào (1) có ab+bc+ca=\(-\frac{1}{2}\)
Ta có\(a^4+b^4+c^4=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2-2\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)\)
=1-2\(\left[\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2-2a^2bc-2ab^2c-2abc^2\right]\)
=1-2\(\left[\frac{1}{4}-2abc\left(a+b+c\right)\right]\)
=1-2\(\left(\frac{1}{4}-0\right)\)
=1-\(\frac{1}{2}\)=\(\frac{1}{2}\)(đpcm
Từ đề bài ta có :
\(a+b+c=0< =>\left(a+b+c\right)^2=0< =>a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc=0\)
Mà \(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\) < = > 1 + 2 ( ab + ac + bc ) = 0
< = > 2 ( ab + ac + bc ) = -1
< = > ab + ac + bc = -1/2
\(< =>\left(ab+ac+bc\right)^2=\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2< =>\left(ab\right)^2+\left(ac\right)^2+\left(bc\right)^2+2a^2bc+2ab^2c+2abc^2=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(< =>\left(ab\right)^2+\left(ac\right)^2+\left(bc\right)^2+2abc\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(< =>\left(ab\right)^2+\left(ac\right)^2+\left(bc\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Lại có từ \(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\)
\(< =>\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2=1< =>a^4+b^4+c^4+2\left[\left(ab\right)^2+\left(ac\right)^2+\left(bc\right)^2\right]=1\)
\(< =>a^4+b^4+c^4+2.\dfrac{1}{4}=1< =>a^4+b^4+c^4+\dfrac{1}{2}=1< =>a^4+b^4+c^4=1-\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)