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`(a+b+c)^2=3(ab+bc+ca)`
`<=>a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca=3(ab+bc+ca)`
`<=>a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca`
`<=>2a^2+2b^2+2c^2=2ab+2bc+2ca`
`<=>(a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2=0`
`VT>=0`
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi `a=b=c`
`a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc`
`<=>a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0`
`<=>(a+b)^3+c^3-3abc-3ab(a+b)=0`
`<=>(a+b)^3+c^3-3ab(a+b+c)=0`
`<=>(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca)=0`
`**a+b+c=0`
`**a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca`
`<=>a=b=c`
b) \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=0\) (chuyển vế qua)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{2}\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]=0\)
Do VP >=0 với mọi a, b, c. Nên để đăng thức xảy ra thì a = b = c
1) Có: \(a+b+c=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b=-c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3=-c^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)=-c^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3-3abc=-c^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
2)Có: \(a+b-c=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b=c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3=c^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)=c^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+3abc=c^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3-c^3=-3abc\)
a/ Biến đổi tương đương:
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2c+ab^2+bc^2\ge b^2c+ac^2+a^2b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2c-a^2b+ab^2-ac^2+bc^2-b^2c\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2\left(c-b\right)-\left(ab+ac\right)\left(c-b\right)+bc\left(c-b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(c-b\right)\left(a^2+bc-ab-ac\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(c-b\right)\left(a\left(a-b\right)-c\left(a-b\right)\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(c-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(a-b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(c-b\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(b-a\right)\ge0\) luôn đúng do \(a\le b\le c\)
Vậy BĐT ban đầu đúng
Câu 2: Đề sai, cho \(a=b=c=1\Rightarrow3\ge6\) (sai)
Đề đúng phải là \(\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{b}{ac}+\frac{c}{ab}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
\(VT=\frac{a^2}{abc}+\frac{b^2}{abc}+\frac{c^2}{abc}=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{abc}\ge\frac{ab+ac+bc}{abc}=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
Câu 3: Không phải với mọi x; y với mọi \(x;y\) dương
Biến đổi tương đương do mẫu số vế phải dương nên ta được quyền nhân chéo:
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^3\ge\left(2x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^3\ge2x^3+x^2y+xy^2-y^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+y^3-x^2y-xy^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x-y\right)-y^2\left(x-y\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2-y^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x+y\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
a. \(a^3+a^2c-abc+b^2c+b^3\)
<=> \(\left(a^3+b^3\right)+c\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)\)
<=> (\(\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)+c\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)\)
<=> \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)\)
vì a+b+c =0 => đpcm
b. 2(a+1)(b+1)=(a+b)(a+b+2)
<=> \(2\left(ab+a+b+1\right)=\)\(a^2+ab+2a+ab+b^2+2b\)
<=> \(2ab+2a+2b+2=a^2ab+2a+ab+b^2+2b\)
<=> \(a^2+b^2=2\)=> đpcm
\(VT=\dfrac{a}{c+b}+\dfrac{b}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}=\dfrac{a}{c+b}+1+\dfrac{b}{a+c}+1+\dfrac{c}{a+b}-3=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+c}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b}-3=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}\right)-3\)
-Áp dụng BĐT Caushy Schwarz cho 3 số dương ta có:
\(VT\ge\left(a+b+c\right).\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{a+b+b+c+c+a}-3=\left(a+b+c\right).\dfrac{9}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}-3=\dfrac{9}{2}-3=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(1\right)\)
\(VP=\dfrac{2.\left(\dfrac{a}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{b}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{c}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)}{2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{2a}{a^2+1}+1+\dfrac{2b}{b^2+1}+1+\dfrac{c}{c^2+1}-3}{2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{a^2+2a+1}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{b^2+2b+1}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{c^2+2c+1}{c^2+1}-3}{2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{\left(a+1\right)^2}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{\left(b+1\right)^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{\left(c+1\right)^2}{c^2+1}-3}{2}\)-Áp dụng BĐT Caushy ta có:
\(VP\le\dfrac{\dfrac{2\left(a^2+1\right)}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{2\left(b^2+1\right)}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{2\left(c^2+1\right)}{c^2+1}-3}{2}=\dfrac{2+2+2-3}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(2\right)\)
-Từ (1) và (2) ta có:
\(VT\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\ge VP\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c+b}+\dfrac{b}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\ge\dfrac{a}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{b}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{c}{c^2+1}\left(đpcm\right)\)
-Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a-b}=\frac{1}{b-c}-\frac{1}{c}\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{b-c}-\frac{1}{a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{c+a-b}{\left(a-b\right)c}=\frac{a-b+c}{\left(b-c\right)a}\)(1)
Do \(\frac{a}{c}=\frac{a-b}{b-c}\Leftrightarrow a\left(b-c\right)=\left(a-b\right)c\)nên (1) đúng, đẳng thức được CM
\(\frac{a+b}{c}+\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{a+c}{b}+3\)
\(=\left(\frac{a+b}{c}+1\right)+\left(\frac{b+c}{a}+1\right)+\left(\frac{a+c}{b}+1\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{a+b}{c}+\frac{c}{c}\right)+\left(\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{a}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{a+c}{b}+\frac{b}{b}\right)\)
\(=\frac{a+b+c}{c}+\frac{a+b+c}{a}+\frac{a+b+c}{b}\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)
\(=0.\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)
\(=0\left(đpcm\right)\)