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\(\frac{1}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}}+\frac{1}{\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}}+\frac{1}{\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}}\)\(=\frac{ab}{a+b}+\frac{bc}{b+c}+\frac{ca}{c+a}\)
Áp dụng bđt AM-GM cho 3 số thực dương a,b,c ta được:
\(\frac{ab}{a+b}+\frac{bc}{b+c}+\frac{ca}{c+a}\le\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{4\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{\left(c+a\right)^2}{4\left(c+a\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}}+\frac{1}{\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}}+\frac{1}{\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}}\le\frac{a+b+c}{2}\left(1\right)\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy-Schwarz dạng engel ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}}+\frac{1}{\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}}+\frac{1}{\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}}\le\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(\)
a. Ta có : \(\left(a-1\right)^2\ge0\forall a\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2-2a+1\ge0\\ \Rightarrow a^2+1\ge2a\left(đpcm\right)\)
b.
Theo câu a, ta có \(a^2+1\ge2a,\\ b^2+1\ge2b,\\ c^2+1\ge2c\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{a^2+1}\le\frac{a}{2a}=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\frac{b}{b^2+1}\le\frac{b}{2b}=\frac{1}{2},\frac{c}{c^2+1}\le\frac{c}{2c}=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{a^2+1}+\frac{b}{b^2+1}+\frac{c}{c^2+1}\le\frac{3}{2}\)
3/ Ta có:
\(x+y+z=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2=\left(y+z\right)^2;y^2=\left(z+x\right)^2;z^2=\left(x+y\right)^2\)
\(a+b+c=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b=-c;b+c=-a;c+a=-b\)
\(\frac{a}{x}+\frac{b}{y}+\frac{c}{z}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ayz+bxz+cxy=0\)
Ta có:
\(ax^2+by^2+cz^2=a\left(y+z\right)^2+b\left(z+x\right)^2+c\left(x+y\right)^2\)
\(=x^2\left(b+c\right)+y^2\left(c+a\right)+z^2\left(a+b\right)+2\left(ayz+bzx+cxy\right)\)
\(=-ax^2-by^2-cz^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ax^2+by^2+cz^2=0\)
1/ Đặt \(a-b=x,b-c=y,c-z=z\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z=0\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{xyz}\)
\(=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+2\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}\right)=\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2\)
BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương với :
\(\frac{a^2+b^2}{a^2+b^2+2}+\frac{b^2+c^2}{b^2+c^2+2}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{c^2+a^2+2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si dạng Engel,ta có :
\(VT\ge\frac{\left(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2+a^2}\right)}{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+6}\)
\(\ge\frac{\sqrt{3\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)}+2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
\(\ge\frac{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+bc+ac}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge0\)( luôn đúng )
nguồn : loga
Bất đẳng thức cần chứng minh tương đương: \(\Sigma\frac{2}{a^2+b^2+2}\le\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3-\Sigma\frac{2}{a^2+b^2+2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow\Sigma\left(1-\frac{2}{a^2+b^2+2}\right)\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\Sigma\frac{a^2+b^2}{a^2+b^2+2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)(*)
Xét vế trái của (*), ta có: \(\Sigma\frac{a^2+b^2}{a^2+b^2+2}\ge\frac{\left(\Sigma\sqrt{a^2+b^2}\right)^2}{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+6}\)(Theo BĐT Bunyakovsky dạng phân thức)
Đến đây, ta cần chỉ ra rằng \(\frac{\left(\Sigma\sqrt{a^2+b^2}\right)^2}{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+6}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+2\left(\Sigma\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\right)}{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+6}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+\Sigma\text{}\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}}{a^2+b^2+c^2+3}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\text{}\text{}\Sigma\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\ge\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+9\)\(\Leftrightarrow\text{}\text{}\Sigma\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\frac{9}{2}\)(**)
Theo BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz cho 2 bộ số \(\left(a;b\right)\)và \(\left(c;b\right)\), ta có:\(\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(c^2+b^2\right)\ge\left(ac+b^2\right)^2\) \(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\ge ac+b^2\)(1)
Tương tự, ta có: \(\sqrt{\left(b^2+c^2\right)\left(c^2+a^2\right)}\ge ab+c^2\)(2); \(\sqrt{\left(c^2+a^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\ge bc+a^2\)(3)
Cộng theo vế của 3 BĐT (1), (2), (3), ta được: \(\text{}\text{}\Sigma\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+bc+ca\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\frac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\frac{9}{2}\)(Do đó (**) đúng)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1.
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{a+1}{b^2+1}=\left(a+1\right)-\frac{b^2\left(a+1\right)}{b^2+1}\ge\left(a+1\right)-\frac{b^2\left(a+1\right)}{2b}\)
\(=\left(a+1\right)-\frac{ab+b}{2}\). Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại rồi cộng theo vế:
\(VT\ge3+\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{ab+bc+ca+a+b+c}{2}\)
\(\ge3+\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}+a+b+c}{2}=3\)
Dấu "=" <=> \(a=b=c=1\)
\(Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có: \(\frac{a+1}{b^2+1}=\left(a+1\right)-\frac{b^2\left(a+1\right)}{b^2+1}\ge\left(a+1\right)-\frac{b^2\left(a+1\right)}{2b}\) \(=\left(a+1\right)-\frac{ab+b}{2}\). Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại rồi cộng theo vế: \(VT\ge3+\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{ab+bc+ca+a+b+c}{2}\) \(\ge3+\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}+a+b+c}{2}=3\) Dấu "=" <=> \(a=b=c=1\)\)
Làm bài này một hồi chắc bay não:v
Bài 1:
a) Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(VT\le\frac{a+b}{4}+\frac{b+c}{4}+\frac{c+a}{4}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}^{\left(đpcm\right)}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c.
b)Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có đpcm.
Bài 2:
a) Dấu = bài này không xảy ra ? Nếu đúng như vầy thì em xin một slot, ăn cơm xong đi ngủ rồi dậy làm:v
b) Theo BĐT Bunhicopxki:
\(VT^2\le3.\left[\left(a+b\right)+\left(b+c\right)+\left(c+a\right)\right]=6\Rightarrow VT\le\sqrt{6}\left(qed\right)\)
Đẳng thức xảy r akhi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Bài 3: Theo BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz và bđt AM-GM, ta có:
\(VT\ge\frac{4}{2-\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\ge\frac{4}{2-2xy}=\frac{2}{1-xy}\)
\(\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2=\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+2\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)=\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c=0\)
Xét : \(a^3+b^3+c^3=\left(a+b+c\right)^3-3\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right).\left(c+a\right)=-3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\) luôn chia hết cho 3
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2=4\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+2\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)=4\)
\(\Rightarrow2+2\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)=4\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)=2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b+c}{abc}=1\Rightarrow a+b+c=abc\left(đpcm\right)\)