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\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\) ; \(\forall a;b;c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{max}=1\) khi \(a=b=c\)
Lại có:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge0\) ; \(\forall a;b;c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge-\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{2}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(P_{min}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\) khi \(a+b+c=0\)
\(9=3a^2+2b^2+2bc+2c^2=\left(a+b+c\right)^2+2a^2+b^2+c^2-2a\left(b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow9\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2+2a^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(b+c\right)^2-2a\left(b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow9\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(2a-b-c\right)^2\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow-3\le a+b+c\le3\)
\(T_{max}=3\) khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(T_{min}=-3\) khi \(a=b=c=-1\)
Từ giả thiết:
\(a^2=2\left(b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(b+c\right)^2\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}\right)^2\ge1\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b+c}\ge1\)
\(P=\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ac+bc}\ge\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{a\left(b+c\right)+2bc}\ge\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{a\left(b+c\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(b+c\right)^2}\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{2}}\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b+c}=x\ge1\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge x+\dfrac{1}{x+\dfrac{1}{2}}=\dfrac{4}{9}\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)+\dfrac{1}{x+\dfrac{1}{2}}+\dfrac{5}{9}x-\dfrac{2}{9}\)
\(P\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{9}\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right).\dfrac{1}{\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)}}+\dfrac{5}{9}.1-\dfrac{2}{9}=\dfrac{5}{3}\)
\(P_{min}=\dfrac{5}{3}\) khi \(x=1\) hay \(a=2b=2c\)
Đặt \(P=a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{6}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Ta có:\(P^2=\frac{b^2c^2}{a^2}+\frac{a^2c^2}{b^2}+\frac{a^2b^2}{c^2}+2\left(\frac{bc}{a}.\frac{ac}{b}+\frac{ac}{b}.\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{ab}{c}.\frac{bc}{a}\right)\)
\(=\frac{b^2c^2}{a^2}+\frac{a^2c^2}{b^2}+\frac{a^2b^2}{c^2}+2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)\(=\frac{b^2c^2}{a^2}+\frac{a^2c^2}{b^2}+\frac{a^2b^2}{c^2}+2\)
Đặt \(A=\frac{b^2c^2}{a^2}+\frac{a^2c^2}{b^2}+\frac{a^2b^2}{c^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow2A=\frac{b^2c^2}{a^2}+\frac{a^2c^2}{b^2}+\frac{a^2c^2}{b^2}+\frac{a^2b^2}{c^2}+\frac{a^2b^2}{c^2}+\frac{b^2c^2}{a^2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy ta có:
\(2A\ge2\sqrt{\frac{b^2c^2}{a^2}.\frac{a^2c^2}{b^2}}+2\sqrt{\frac{a^2c^2}{b^2}.\frac{a^2b^2}{c^2}}+2\sqrt{\frac{a^2b^2}{c^2}.\frac{b^2c^2}{a^2}}\)
\(=2\sqrt{c^4}+2\sqrt{a^4}+2\sqrt{b^4}=2a^2+2b^2+2c^2=2\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge1\Rightarrow P^2=A+2\ge1+2=3\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\sqrt{3}\).Nên GTNN của P là \(\sqrt{3}\) đạt được khi \(a=b=c=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
Bạn ơi thật ra bạn ko cần dùng Cauchy, dùng BunhiaCopxki phát cuối là đc ^^. Mình giải ra lâu rồi :v