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+ 
+ 
≥ 3.
Đặt b + c – a = x > 0 (1); a + c – b = y > 0 (2); a + b – c = z > 0 (3)
Cộng (1) và (2) => b + c – a + a + c – b = x + y ⇔ 2c = x + y ⇔ c = 
Tương tự a = 
; b = 
Do đó + + = 
+ 
+ 
= 
(
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
)
= [( + ) + ( + ) + ( + )] ≥ (2 + 2 + 2) = 3.
Vậy + + ≥ 3.
\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{b^3+1}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(b+1\right)\left(b^2-b+1\right)}}\ge\dfrac{2a}{b+1+b^2-b+1}=\dfrac{2a}{b^2+2}\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(VT\ge\dfrac{2a}{b^2+2}+\dfrac{2b}{c^2+2}+\dfrac{2c}{a^2+2}=a-\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+2}+b-\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+2}+c-\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+2}\)
\(VT\ge6-\left(\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+2}+\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+2}+\dfrac{ca^2}{c^2+2}\right)\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+2}=\dfrac{2ab^2}{2b^2+4}=\dfrac{2ab^2}{b^2+b^2+4}\le\dfrac{2ab^2}{3\sqrt[3]{4b^4}}=\dfrac{a}{3}\sqrt[3]{2b^2}=\dfrac{a}{3}\sqrt[3]{2.b.b}\le\dfrac{a}{9}\left(2+b+b\right)\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(VT\ge6-\left(\dfrac{2a}{9}\left(b+1\right)+\dfrac{2b}{9}\left(c+1\right)+\dfrac{2c}{9}\left(a+1\right)\right)\)
\(=6-\dfrac{2}{9}\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{2}{9}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge6-\dfrac{2}{9}\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{2}{27}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
e)
\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\ge\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\) ( luôn đúng)
=> ĐPCM
C1 : Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM ta có :
\(\sum\dfrac{a}{b+c-a}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{abc}{\left(a+b-c\right)\left(b+c-a\right)\left(c+a-b\right)}}\ge3\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a = b = c.
C2 : Theo Cauchy Schwarz :
\(\sum \frac{a}{b+c-a}\geq \sum \frac{a^2}{ab+ac-a^2}\geq \frac{(a+b+c)^2}{2(ab+ca+bc)-a^2-b^2-c^2}\geq \frac{(a+b+c)^2}{\frac{2}{3}(a+b+c)^2-\frac{1}{3}(a+b+c)^2}=3\)
(đpcm).
Đặt b+c-a=x, c+a-b=y, a+b-c=z thì 2a =y+z, 2b +x+z, 2c +x+y. Ta có:
\(\dfrac{2a}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{2b}{a+c-b}+\dfrac{2c}{a+b-c}\)
= \(\dfrac{y+z}{x}+\dfrac{x+z}{y}+\dfrac{x+y}{z}\)
=\(\left(\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{x}{y}\right)+\left(\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{x}{z}\right)+\left(\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{y}{z}\right)\)(1)
Mà \(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}-2=\dfrac{x^2+y^2-2xy}{xy}=\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2}{xy}\ge0\)( vì xy >0)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\ge2\)(2)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{x}{z}\ge2\)(3)
\(\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{y}{z}\ge2\)(4)
Từ (1),(2),(3) và (4):
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\left(\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{x}{y}\right)+\left(\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{x}{z}\right)+\left(\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{y}{z}\right)\)\(\ge6\)
Hay \(\dfrac{2a}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{2b}{a+c-b}+\dfrac{2c}{a+b-c}\) \(\ge6\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{a}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{b}{a+c-b}+\dfrac{c}{a+b-c}\ge3\)(đpcm)
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Giải:
Ta có BĐT phụ: \(\left(a+b-c\right)\left(b+c-a\right)\left(c+a-b\right)\le abc\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy - Schwarz ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{b}{c+a-b}+\dfrac{c}{a+b-c}\)
\(\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{abc}{\left(b+c-a\right)\left(c+a-b\right)\left(a+b-c\right)}}\)
\(\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{abc}{abc}}\ge3\) (Đpcm)
-Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b+c-a=x>0\\c+a-b=y>0\\a+b-c=z>0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2c=x+y\\2a=y+z\\2b=z+x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=\dfrac{x+y}{2}\\a=\dfrac{y+z}{2}\\b=\dfrac{z+x}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(A=\dfrac{a}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{b}{c+a-b}+\dfrac{c}{a+b-c}=\dfrac{\dfrac{y+z}{2}}{x}+\dfrac{\dfrac{z+x}{2}}{y}+\dfrac{\dfrac{x+y}{2}}{z}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{y+z}{x}+\dfrac{z+x}{y}+\dfrac{x+y}{z}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left[\left(\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{x}{y}\right)+\left(\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{y}{z}\right)+\left(\dfrac{x}{z}+\dfrac{z}{x}\right)\right]\ge\dfrac{1}{2}.\left(2+2+2\right)=3\left(đpcm\right)\)
-Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c}-\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)+bc\left(\dfrac{1}{a+c}-\dfrac{1}{a+b}\right)+ca\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}-\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ab\left(a-b\right)}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{bc\left(b-c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{ca\left(c-a\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ab\left(a^2-b^2\right)+bc\left(b^2-c^2\right)+ca\left(c^2-a^2\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{matrix}\right.\) hay tam giác cân
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(2\sqrt{\dfrac{y+z-x}{x}}\le\dfrac{y+z-x}{x}+1=\dfrac{y+z}{x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{y+z-x}}\ge\dfrac{2x}{y+z}\)
Áp dụng vào đề bài ta có:
\(A=\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c-a}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{c+a-b}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{a+b-c}}\ge\)
\(\ge\dfrac{2a}{b+c}+\dfrac{2b}{c+a}+\dfrac{2c}{a+b}\ge2\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\right)=\dfrac{2.3}{2}=3\)(BĐT Nesbitt)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)