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Bài 1:
a)
\(\sin ^2x+\sin ^2x\cot^2x=\sin ^2x(1+\cot^2x)=\sin ^2x(1+\frac{\cos ^2x}{\sin ^2x})\)
\(=\sin ^2x.\frac{\sin ^2x+\cos^2x}{\sin ^2x}=\sin ^2x+\cos^2x=1\)
b)
\((1-\tan ^2x)\cot^2x+1-\cot^2x\)
\(=\cot^2x(1-\tan^2x-1)+1=\cot^2x(-\tan ^2x)+1=-(\tan x\cot x)^2+1\)
\(=-1^2+1=0\)
c)
\(\sin ^2x\tan x+\cos^2x\cot x+2\sin x\cos x=\sin ^2x.\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}+\cos ^2x.\frac{\cos x}{\sin x}+2\sin x\cos x\)
\(=\frac{\sin ^3x}{\cos x}+\frac{\cos ^3x}{\sin x}+2\sin x\cos x=\frac{\sin ^4x+\cos ^4x+2\sin ^2x\cos ^2x}{\sin x\cos x}=\frac{(\sin ^2x+\cos ^2x)^2}{\sin x\cos x}=\frac{1}{\sin x\cos x}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\frac{\sin 2x}{2}}=\frac{2}{\sin 2x}\)
Bài 2:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy Schwarz ta có:
\(P=\frac{a^2}{\sqrt{a(2c+a+b)}}+\frac{b^2}{\sqrt{b(2a+b+c)}}+\frac{c^2}{\sqrt{c(2b+c+a)}}\)
\(\geq \frac{(a+b+c)^2}{\sqrt{a(2c+a+b)}+\sqrt{b(2a+b+c)}+\sqrt{c(2b+c+a)}}(*)\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\((\sqrt{a(2c+a+b)}+\sqrt{b(2a+b+c)}+\sqrt{c(2b+c+a)})^2\leq (a+b+c)(2c+a+b+2a+b+c+2b+c+a)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (\sqrt{a(2c+a+b)}+\sqrt{b(2a+b+c)}+\sqrt{c(2b+c+a)})^2\leq 4(a+b+c)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{a(2c+a+b)}+\sqrt{b(2a+b+c)}+\sqrt{c(2b+c+a)}\leq 2(a+b+c)(**)\)
Từ \((*); (**)\Rightarrow P\geq \frac{(a+b+c)^2}{2(a+b+c)}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy \(P_{\min}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=1$
Ta có:\(\sum\dfrac{a^2+6a+3}{a^2+a}=\sum\left(1+\dfrac{5a+3}{a^2+a}\right)=3+\sum\dfrac{5a+3}{a^2+a}\)
Có BĐT phụ: \(\dfrac{5a+3}{a^2+a}\ge-\dfrac{7}{2}a+\dfrac{15}{2}\)đúng vì nó tương đương \(\left(7a+6\right)\left(a-1\right)^2\ge0\left(true\right)\)
Áp dụng tương tự ta có:
\(VT\ge3-\dfrac{7}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)+\dfrac{15}{2}.3\ge3-\dfrac{21}{2}+\dfrac{45}{2}=15\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(P=\frac{a\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{2c+a+b}}+\frac{b\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{2a+b+c}}+\frac{c\sqrt{c}}{\sqrt{2b+c+a}}\)
\(P=\frac{a^2}{\sqrt{a(2c+a+b)}}+\frac{b^2}{\sqrt{b(2a+b+c)}}+\frac{c^2}{\sqrt{c(2b+c+a)}}\)
\(\geq \frac{(a+b+c)^2}{\sqrt{a(2c+a+b)}+\sqrt{b(2a+b+c)}+\sqrt{c(2b+a+c)}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\((\sqrt{a(2c+a+b)}+\sqrt{b(2a+b+c)}+\sqrt{c(2b+a+c)})^2\leq (a+b+c[((2c+a+b)+(2a+b+c)+(2b+a+c)]\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (\sqrt{a(2c+a+b)}+\sqrt{b(2a+b+c)}+\sqrt{c(2b+a+c)})^2\leq 4(a+b+c)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{a(2c+a+b)}+\sqrt{b(2a+b+c)}+\sqrt{c(2b+a+c)}\leq 2(a+b+c)\)
Do đó:
\(P\geq \frac{(a+b+c)^2}{2(a+b+c)}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy \(P_{\min}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(a+b+c=2\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\le\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}=\dfrac{4}{3}\)
\(P=\dfrac{7+2b}{1+a}+\dfrac{7+2c}{1+b}+\dfrac{7+2a}{1+c}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(21+2\left(a+b+c\right)\right)^2}{\left(1+a\right)\left(7+2b\right)+\left(1+b\right)\left(7+2c\right)+\left(1+c\right)\left(7+2a\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{25^2}{21+9\left(a+b+c\right)+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{25^2}{21+9.2+\dfrac{2.4}{3}}=15\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Ta có : \(9=a^2+a^2+b^2+a^2+b^2+bc+bc+c^2+c^2\ge9\sqrt[9]{a^6\cdot b^6\cdot c^6}=9\sqrt[3]{a^2\cdot b^2\cdot c^2}\Rightarrow abc\le1\) Áp dụng bđt Cô-si vào các số dương : \(a^2+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{a^2}{b^6}}=4\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b^3}}\Rightarrow\sqrt{a^2+\dfrac{3}{b^2}}\ge2\cdot\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{a}{b^3}}\)
CM tương tự ta được: \(\sqrt{b^2+\dfrac{3}{c^2}}\ge2\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{b}{c^3}};\sqrt{c^2+\dfrac{3}{a^2}}\ge2\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{c}{a^3}}\Rightarrow P\ge2\cdot\left(\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{a}{b^3}}+\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{b}{c^3}}+\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{c}{a^3}}\right)\ge2\cdot3\cdot\sqrt[12]{\dfrac{a}{b^3}\cdot\dfrac{b}{c^3}\cdot\dfrac{c}{a^3}}=6\sqrt[12]{\dfrac{1}{\left(abc\right)^2}}=6\) Dấu = xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Bài 1:
Biểu thức chỉ có giá trị lớn nhất, không có giá trị nhỏ nhất.
\(P=\frac{x}{x+1}+\frac{y}{y+1}+\frac{z}{z+1}=1-\frac{1}{x+1}+1-\frac{1}{y+1}+1-\frac{1}{z+1}\)
\(P=3-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\)
Giờ chỉ cần cho biến $x$ nhỏ vô cùng đến $0$, khi đó giá trị biểu thức trong ngoặc sẽ tiến đến dương vô cùng, khi đó P sẽ tiến đến nhỏ vô cùng, do đó không có min
Nếu chuyển tìm max thì em tìm như sau:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy_Schwarz:
\(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\geq \frac{(1+1+1)^2}{x+1+y+1+z+1}=\frac{9}{x+y+z+3}=\frac{9}{4}\)
Do đó: \(P=3-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\leq 3-\frac{9}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
Vậy \(P_{\min}=\frac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
Bài 2:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz :
\(\frac{1}{a+3b+2c}=\frac{1}{9}\frac{9}{(a+c)+(b+c)+2b}\leq \frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{2b}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{ab}{a+3b+2c}\leq \frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}+\frac{a}{2}\right)\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự:
\(\frac{bc}{b+3c+2a}\leq \frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{bc}{b+a}+\frac{bc}{c+a}+\frac{b}{2}\right)\)
\(\frac{ac}{c+3a+2b}\leq \frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{ac}{c+b}+\frac{ac}{a+b}+\frac{c}{2}\right)\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}\leq \frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{b(a+c)}{a+c}+\frac{a(b+c)}{b+c}+\frac{c(a+b)}{a+b}+\frac{a+b+c}{2}\right)\)
hay \(\text{VT}\leq \frac{a+b+c}{6}\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky ta có:
\((a^2+2c^2)(1+2)\geq (a+2c)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{a^2+2c^2}\geq \frac{a+2c}{\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{\sqrt{a^2+2c^2}}{ac}\geq \frac{a+2c}{\sqrt{3}ac}=\frac{ab+2bc}{\sqrt{3}abc}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự: \(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{\sqrt{c^2+2b^2}}{bc}\geq \frac{ac+2ab}{\sqrt{3}abc}\\ \frac{\sqrt{b^2+2a^2}}{ab}\geq \frac{bc+2ac}{\sqrt{3}abc}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng theo vế các BĐT trên thu được:
\(\text{VT}\geq \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}.\frac{ab+2bc+ac+2ab+bc+2ac}{abc}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}.\frac{3(ab+bc+ac)}{abc}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}.\frac{3abc}{abc}=\sqrt{3}\)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $a=b=c=3$
Bài 2: Bài này sử dụng pp xác định điểm rơi thôi.
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(24a^2+24.(\frac{31}{261})^2\geq 2\sqrt{24^2.(\frac{31}{261})^2a^2}=\frac{496}{87}a\)
\(b^2+(\frac{248}{87})^2\geq 2\sqrt{(\frac{248}{87})^2.b^2}=\frac{496}{87}b\)
\(93c^2+93.(\frac{8}{261})^2\geq 2\sqrt{93^2.(\frac{8}{261})^2c^2}=\frac{496}{87}c\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(B+\frac{248}{29}\geq \frac{496}{87}(a+b+c)=\frac{496}{87}.3=\frac{496}{29}\)
\(\Rightarrow B\geq \frac{496}{29}-\frac{248}{29}=\frac{248}{29}\)
Vậy \(B_{\min}=\frac{248}{29}\). Dấu bằng xảy ra khi: \((a,b,c)=(\frac{31}{261}; \frac{248}{87}; \frac{8}{261})\)
a)Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y^2\ge2xy\\y^2+1\ge2y\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow x^2+2y^2+1\ge2xy+2y\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+2y^2+3\ge2xy+2y+2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x^2+2y^2+3}\le\dfrac{1}{2\left(xy+y+1\right)}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{x^2+2y^2+3}\le\dfrac{1}{xy+y+1}\)
b)Áp dụng bổ đề trên ta có:
\(a^2+2b^2+3\ge2ab+2b+2\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2+2b^2+3}\le\dfrac{1}{2\left(ab+b+1\right)}\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta cũng có:
\(\dfrac{1}{b^2+2c^2+3}\le\dfrac{1}{2\left(bc+b+1\right)};\dfrac{1}{c^2+2a^2+3}\le\dfrac{1}{2\left(ac+c+1\right)}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(Q\le\dfrac{1}{2\left(ab+b+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(bc+b+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(ac+c+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{ab+b+1}+\dfrac{1}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{1}{ac+c+1}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{ac+c+1}+\dfrac{ac}{ac+c+1}+\dfrac{1}{ac+c+1}\right)\left(abc=1\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{ac+c+1}{ac+c+1}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)
Nhóm lại :
\(VT=\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{1}{a+c-b}\right)+2\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}\right)+3\left(\dfrac{1}{a+c-b}+\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}\right)\ge\dfrac{4}{2c}+2.\dfrac{4}{2b}+3.\dfrac{4}{2a}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{c}+\dfrac{4}{b}+\dfrac{6}{a}=\dfrac{2\left(b+2c\right)}{bc}+\dfrac{6}{a}=\dfrac{2abc}{bc}+\dfrac{6}{a}\)
\(=2\left(a+\dfrac{3}{a}\right)\ge4\sqrt{a.\dfrac{3}{a}}=4\sqrt{3}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\) ( thỏa mãn giả thiết )
e cảm ơn ạ :)