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Có: \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{c}\Leftrightarrow 2ab-2bc-2ca=0\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab-2bc-2ca}=\sqrt{(a+b-c)^2}=|a+b-c|\)
⇒ A là số hữu tỉ
Ta có : \(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\text{=}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2+2\left(\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{ac}+\dfrac{1}{bc}\right)\)
\(\text{=}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2+2.\dfrac{c+b-a}{abc}\)
\(\text{=}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2\left(do-a\text{=}b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}}\text{=}\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2}\)
\(\text{=}\left|\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}\right|\)
Do \(a,b,c\) là các số hữu tỉ khác 0 nên
\(\left|\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}\right|\) là một số hữu tỉ
\(\Rightarrow dpcm\)
Ta có :
P = \(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}}=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2ac}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}-\dfrac{1}{2bc}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2abc}\left(b+c-a\right)}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2}=\left|\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}\right|\) (do a = b + c)
=> P là số hữu tỉ với a,b,c \(\ne0\)
P = 
(do a = b + c)
=> P là số hữu tỉ với a,b,c
\(\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\Leftrightarrow ab=bc+ac\Leftrightarrow2ab-2bc-2ac=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2}=\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab-2bc-2ac}\\ =\sqrt{\left(a+b-c\right)^2}=\left|a+b-c\right|\left(dpcm\right)\)
Câu 3 : Ta có :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2+1=a^2+ab+bc+ca=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\\b^2+1=b^2+ab+bc+ca=\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)\\c^2+1=c^2+ab+bc+ca=\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thay vào biểu thức ta được :
\(\sqrt{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)}=\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}=\sqrt{\left[\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\right]^2}=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\)
Vậy biểu thức trên là một số hữu tỉ .
Wish you study well !!!
Hằng đẳng thức:
\(\left(x-y-z\right)^2=x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(yz-xy-zx\right)=x^2+y^2+z^2-2\left(xy+xz-yz\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2=\left(x-y-z\right)^2+2\left(xy+xz-yz\right)\)
Giờ thay \(x=\dfrac{1}{a}\) ; \(y=\dfrac{1}{b}\); \(z=\dfrac{1}{c}\) là ra cái người ta làm
Ta có: \(2\left(\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}\right)=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{abc}=0\)
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}\right)}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2}=\left|\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right|\) là số hữu tỉ
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{b^2}=x\\\dfrac{b}{c^2}=y\\\dfrac{c}{a^2}=z\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow xyz=1;x+y+z=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\)
Ta có \(x+y+z=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z=xy+yz+zx\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xyz-1+x+y+z-xy-yz-zx=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)\left(z-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)\left(z-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=1\\z=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{b^2}=1\\\dfrac{b}{c^2}=1\\\dfrac{c}{a^2}=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=b^2\\b=c^2\\c=a^2\end{matrix}\right.\left(đpcm\right)\)
Lời giải:
\(\frac{1}{(a-b)^2}+\frac{1}{(b-c)^2}+\frac{1}{(a-c)^2}=(\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a})^2-2(\frac{1}{(a-b)(b-c)}+\frac{1}{(b-c)(c-a)}+\frac{1}{(a-b)(c-a)})\)
\(=(\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a})^2-2.\frac{c-a+a-b+b-c}{(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)}=(\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a})^2\)
\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{\frac{1}{(a-b)^2}+\frac{1}{(b-c)^2}+\frac{1}{(c-a)^2}}=|\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}|\) là số hữu tỷ (đpcm)