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e)
\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\ge\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\) ( luôn đúng)
=> ĐPCM
\(1a.A=\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-3}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}+3}\right):\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{x}-3}=\dfrac{6}{\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)}.\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-3}{3}=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x}+3}\) ( x ≥ 0 ; x # 9 )
\(b.A>\dfrac{1}{3}\) ⇔ \(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x}+3}>\dfrac{1}{3}\text{⇔}\dfrac{3-\sqrt{x}}{3\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)}>0\)
⇔ \(3-\sqrt{x}>0\)
⇔ \(x< 9\)
Kết hợp ĐKXĐ , ta có : \(0\text{≤}x< 9\)
\(c.\) Tìm GTLN chứ ?
\(A=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x}+3}\text{≤}\dfrac{2}{3}\)
⇒ \(A_{MAX}=\dfrac{2}{3}."="x=0\left(TM\right)\)
\(a.VT=2\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{3}-2\right)+\left(1+2\sqrt{2}\right)^2-2\sqrt{6}=2\sqrt{6}-4\sqrt{2}+9+4\sqrt{2}-2\sqrt{6}=9=VP\)Vậy , đẳng thức được chứng minh .
\(b.VT=\sqrt{2+\sqrt{3}}+\sqrt{2-\sqrt{3}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3+2\sqrt{3}+1}+\sqrt{3-2\sqrt{3}+1}}{\sqrt{2}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}+1+\sqrt{3}-1}{\sqrt{2}}=\dfrac{2\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{2}}=\sqrt{6}=VP\)Vậy , đẳng thức được chứng minh .
\(c.VT=\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{\left(2-\sqrt{5}\right)^2}}-\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{\left(2+\sqrt{5}\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{5}-2}-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{5}+2}=\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{5}+2\right)-2\left(\sqrt{5}-2\right)}{5-4}=8=VP\)Vậy , đẳng thức được chứng minh .
Bài 1:
Vì $x+y+z=1$ nên:
\(Q=\frac{x}{x+\sqrt{x(x+y+z)+yz}}+\frac{y}{y+\sqrt{y(x+y+z)+xz}}+\frac{z}{z+\sqrt{z(x+y+z)+xy}}\)
\(Q=\frac{x}{x+\sqrt{(x+y)(x+z)}}+\frac{y}{y+\sqrt{(y+z)(y+x)}}+\frac{z}{z+\sqrt{(z+x)(z+y)}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\(\sqrt{(x+y)(x+z)}=\sqrt{(x+y)(z+x)}\geq \sqrt{(\sqrt{xz}+\sqrt{xy})^2}=\sqrt{xz}+\sqrt{xy}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{x}{x+\sqrt{(x+y)(x+z)}}\leq \frac{x}{x+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{xz}}=\frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự với các phân thức còn lại và cộng theo vế suy ra:
\(Q\leq \frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}+ \frac{\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}+ \frac{\sqrt{z}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}=1\)
Vậy $Q$ max bằng $1$
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}$
Bài 2:
Vì $x+y+z=1$ nên:
\(\text{VT}=\frac{1-x^2}{x(x+y+z)+yz}+\frac{1-y^2}{y(x+y+z)+xz}+\frac{1-z^2}{z(x+y+z)+xy}\)
\(\text{VT}=\frac{(x+y+z)^2-x^2}{(x+y)(x+z)}+\frac{(x+y+z)^2-y^2}{(y+z)(y+x)}+\frac{(x+y+z)^2-z^2}{(z+x)(z+y)}\)
\(\text{VT}=\frac{(y+z)[(x+y)+(x+z)]}{(x+y)(x+z)}+\frac{(x+z)[(y+z)+(y+x)]}{(y+z)(y+x)}+\frac{(x+y)[(z+x)+(z+y)]}{(z+x)(z+y)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\text{VT}\geq \frac{2(y+z)\sqrt{(x+y)(x+z)}}{(x+y)(x+z)}+\frac{2(x+z)\sqrt{(y+z)(y+x)}}{(y+z)(y+x)}+\frac{2(x+y)\sqrt{(z+x)(z+y)}}{(z+x)(z+y)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \text{VT}\geq 2\underbrace{\left(\frac{y+z}{\sqrt{(x+y)(x+z)}}+\frac{x+z}{\sqrt{(y+z)(y+x)}}+\frac{x+y}{\sqrt{(z+x)(z+y)}}\right)}_{M}\)
Tiếp tục AM-GM cho 3 số trong ngoặc lớn, suy ra \(M\geq 3\)
Do đó: \(\text{VT}\geq 2.3=6\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $3x=3y=3z=1$
2.
Từ giả thiết, ta có :
\(\frac{1}{1+a}\ge1-\frac{1}{1+b}+1-\frac{1}{1+c}+1-\frac{1}{1+d}\)
\(=\frac{b}{1+b}+\frac{c}{1+c}+\frac{d}{1+d}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{b.c.d}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}}\)
Tương tự, ta cũng có :
\(\frac{1}{1+b}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{c.d.a}{\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)\left(1+a\right)}}\)
\(\frac{1}{1+c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{abd}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+d\right)}}\)
\(\frac{1}{1+d}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{abc}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}}\)
Nhân vế theo vế 4 BĐT vừa chững minh rồi rút gọn ta được :
\(abcd\le\frac{1}{81}\left(đpcm\right)\)
2) Từ \(\frac{1}{1+a}+\frac{1}{1+b}+\frac{1}{1+c}+\frac{1}{1+d}\ge3.\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{1+a}\ge\left(1-\frac{1}{1+b}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{1+c}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{1+d}\right)\)
\(=\frac{b}{1+b}+\frac{c}{1+c}+\frac{d}{1+d}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{bcd}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}}.\)(BĐT AM-GM)
Tương tự :
\(\frac{1}{1+b}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{acd}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}}\)
\(\frac{1}{1+c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{abd}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+d\right)}}\)
\(\frac{1}{1+d}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{abc}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}}.\)
Từ đó suy ra:
\(\frac{1}{1+a}.\frac{1}{1+b}.\frac{1}{1+c}.\frac{1}{1+d}\ge3.3.3.3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(abcd\right)^3}{\left[\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)\right]^3}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}\ge\frac{81abcd}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow81abcd\le1\Leftrightarrow abcd\le\frac{1}{81}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=d=\frac{1}{3}.\)
3)Ta có: \(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^8=\left[\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^2\right]^4=\left(a+b+2\sqrt{ab}\right)^4.\)(1)
Với \(a,b\ge0\),áp dụng BĐT AM-GM cho (a+b) và (\(2\sqrt{ab}\)) ta được
\(\left(a+b\right)+2\sqrt{ab}\ge2\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)2\sqrt{ab}}\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra:
\(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^8\ge\left(2\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)2\sqrt{ab}}\right)^4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^8\ge64ab\left(a+b\right)^2.\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(a+b=2\sqrt{ab}\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
1) Với \(x\le\frac{2}{3}\Rightarrow2-3x\ge0\)
Khi đó ,áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM cho 2 số ta được:
\(\left(2-3x\right)+\frac{9}{2-3x}\ge2\sqrt{\left(2-3x\right)\frac{9}{2-3x}}=2.3=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2+\left(2-3x\right)+\frac{9}{2-3x}\ge2+6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4-3x+\frac{9}{2-3x}\ge8\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(2-3x=\frac{9}{2-3x}\Leftrightarrow\left(2-3x\right)^2=9\Leftrightarrow2-3x=3\Leftrightarrow x=-\frac{1}{3}\)( vì 2-3x>0)
Lời giải:
a)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM:
\(x^3+x^2+x+1\geq 4\sqrt[4]{x^3.x^2.x.1}=4\sqrt[4]{x^6}\)
\(\Rightarrow (x^3+x^2+x+1)^2\geq 16\sqrt{x^6}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x^3+x^2+x+1)^2\geq 16x^3\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=1\)
b)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\frac{b+c}{a}.1\leq \left(\frac{\frac{b+c}{a}+1}{2}\right)^2=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{b+c+a}{a}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{a}{b+c}\geq 4\left(\frac{a}{a+b+c}\right)^2\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c}}\geq \frac{2a}{a+b+c}\)
Thực hiện tương tự với cac phân thức còn lại và cộng theo vế thu được:
\(\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{a+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{a+b}}\geq \frac{2a+2b+2c}{a+b+c}=2\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi
\(\frac{b+c}{a}=\frac{c+a}{b}=\frac{a+b}{c}=1\Rightarrow a+b+c=2a=2b=2c\)
\(\Rightarrow a=b=c\Rightarrow \frac{b+c}{a}=2\neq 1\) (vô lý)
Do đó dấu bằng không xảy ra
Vì vậy: \(\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{a+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{a+b}}>2\)
vì 0<a<1 ;0<b<2 ;0<c<3
=> 1-a > 0 <=> 0<\(\sqrt{1-a}\) < 1
=> 0 <\(\dfrac{\sqrt{1-a}}{a}\) ≤ 1 (1)
c/m tương tự với b,c
=> 0 < \(\dfrac{\sqrt{2-b}}{b}\) ≤ 2 (2)
và 0 < \(\dfrac{\sqrt{3-c}}{c}\) ≤ 3 (3)
Cộng các vế của bđt với nhau
=> 0 < \(\dfrac{\sqrt{1-a}}{a}+\dfrac{\sqrt{2-b}}{b}+\dfrac{\sqrt{3-c}}{c}\) ≤ 6
Vậy GTLN của A là 6
1/
a/ \(\sqrt{12-6\sqrt{3}}-\sqrt{21-12\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\sqrt{\left(3+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}-\sqrt{\left(3+2\sqrt{3}\right)^2}=3+\sqrt{3}-3-2\sqrt{3}=\sqrt{3}-2\sqrt{3}=-\sqrt{3}\)
b/ \(\sqrt{12}-\sqrt{27}=2\sqrt{3}-3\sqrt{3}=-\sqrt{3}\)
3/ \(C=\left(\dfrac{2x-10}{x}+\dfrac{5x+50}{x^2+5x}+\dfrac{x^2}{5x+25}\right):\dfrac{3x+15}{7}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{2\left(x-5\right)}{x}+\dfrac{5\left(x+10\right)}{x\left(x+5\right)}+\dfrac{x^2}{5\left(x+5\right)}\right)\cdot\dfrac{7}{3\left(x+5\right)}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{10\left(x+5\right)\left(x-5\right)}{5x\left(x+5\right)}+\dfrac{25\left(x+10\right)}{5x\left(x+5\right)}+\dfrac{x^3}{5x\left(x+5\right)}\right)\cdot\dfrac{7}{3\left(x+5\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{10x^2-250+25x+250+x^3}{5x\left(x+5\right)}\cdot\dfrac{7}{3\left(x+5\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^3+10x^2+25x}{5x\left(x+5\right)}\cdot\dfrac{7}{3\left(x+5\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x\left(x^2+10x+25\right)}{5x\left(x+5\right)}\cdot\dfrac{7}{3\left(x+5\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{7\left(x+5\right)^2}{5\left(x+5\right)\cdot3\left(x+5\right)}=\dfrac{7}{15}\)
3) \(C=\left(\dfrac{2x-10}{x}+\dfrac{5x+50}{x^2+5x}+\dfrac{x^2}{5x+25}\right):\dfrac{3x+15}{7}\)
\(C=\left(\dfrac{2x-10}{x}+\dfrac{5x+50}{x\left(x+5\right)}+\dfrac{x^2}{5\left(x+5\right)}\right):\dfrac{3x+15}{7}\)
\(C=\left[\dfrac{10\left(x+5\right)\left(x-5\right)}{5x\left(x+5\right)}+\dfrac{25\left(x+10\right)}{5x\left(x+5\right)}+\dfrac{x^3}{5x\left(x+5\right)}\right]:\dfrac{3x+15}{7}\)
\(C=\left[\dfrac{10\left(x^2-25\right)+25x+250+x^3}{5x\left(x+5\right)}\right]:\dfrac{3x+15}{7}\)
\(C=\left(\dfrac{10x^2-250+25x+250-x^3}{5x\left(x+5\right)}\right).\dfrac{7}{3\left(x+5\right)}\)
\(C=\dfrac{x\left(x+2.x.5+25\right)}{5x\left(x+5\right)}.\dfrac{7}{3\left(x+5\right)}=\dfrac{x\left(x+5\right)^2}{5x\left(x+5\right)}.\dfrac{7}{3\left(x+5\right)}=\dfrac{x+5}{5}.\dfrac{7}{3\left(x+5\right)}=\dfrac{7}{15}\)
\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{b^3+1}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(b+1\right)\left(b^2-b+1\right)}}\ge\dfrac{2a}{b+1+b^2-b+1}=\dfrac{2a}{b^2+2}\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(VT\ge\dfrac{2a}{b^2+2}+\dfrac{2b}{c^2+2}+\dfrac{2c}{a^2+2}=a-\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+2}+b-\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+2}+c-\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+2}\)
\(VT\ge6-\left(\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+2}+\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+2}+\dfrac{ca^2}{c^2+2}\right)\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+2}=\dfrac{2ab^2}{2b^2+4}=\dfrac{2ab^2}{b^2+b^2+4}\le\dfrac{2ab^2}{3\sqrt[3]{4b^4}}=\dfrac{a}{3}\sqrt[3]{2b^2}=\dfrac{a}{3}\sqrt[3]{2.b.b}\le\dfrac{a}{9}\left(2+b+b\right)\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(VT\ge6-\left(\dfrac{2a}{9}\left(b+1\right)+\dfrac{2b}{9}\left(c+1\right)+\dfrac{2c}{9}\left(a+1\right)\right)\)
\(=6-\dfrac{2}{9}\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{2}{9}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge6-\dfrac{2}{9}\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{2}{27}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)