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Lời giải:
$\sqrt{a+b}=\sqrt{a+c}+\sqrt{b+c}$
$\Leftrightarrow a+b=a+c+b+c+2\sqrt{(a+c)(b+c)}$
$\Leftrightarrow 2c+2\sqrt{(a+c)(b+c)}=0$
$\Leftrightarrow c+\sqrt{(a+c)(b+c)}=0$
\(\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} -c=\sqrt{(a+c)(b+c)}\\ c< 0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} c^2=(c+a)(c+b)\\ c< 0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\( \Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} ab+bc+ac=0\\ c< 0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \frac{ba+bc+ac}{abc}=0\) (do $a,b>0$)
$\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0$
(đpcm)
Đặt vế trái BĐT cần chứng minh là P
Ta có:
\(P=\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{a^2}{\sqrt{2\left(b^2+c^2\right)}}+\dfrac{b^2}{\sqrt{2\left(a^2+c^2\right)}}+\dfrac{c^2}{\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}}\)
Đặt \(\left(\sqrt{b^2+c^2};\sqrt{c^2+a^2};\sqrt{a^2+b^2}\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow x+y+z=\sqrt{2011}\)
Đồng thời: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y^2+z^2-x^2=2a^2\\z^2+x^2-y^2=2b^2\\x^2+y^2-z^2=2c^2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2=\dfrac{y^2+z^2-x^2}{2}\\b^2=\dfrac{z^2+x^2-y^2}{2}\\c^2=\dfrac{x^2+y^2-z^2}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left(\dfrac{y^2+z^2-x^2}{x}+\dfrac{z^2+x^2-y^2}{y}+\dfrac{x^2+y^2-z^2}{z}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left(\dfrac{y^2+z^2}{x}+\dfrac{z^2+x^2}{y}+\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{z}-\left(x+y+z\right)\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left(\dfrac{\left(y+z\right)^2}{2x}+\dfrac{\left(z+x\right)^2}{2y}+\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2z}-\left(x+y+z\right)\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left(\dfrac{\left(y+z+z+x+x+y\right)^2}{2x+2y+2z}-\left(x+y+z\right)\right)=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left(x+y+z\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{2011}{2}}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\sqrt{\dfrac{2011}{2}}\)
\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{b^3+1}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(b+1\right)\left(b^2-b+1\right)}}\ge\dfrac{2a}{b+1+b^2-b+1}=\dfrac{2a}{b^2+2}\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(VT\ge\dfrac{2a}{b^2+2}+\dfrac{2b}{c^2+2}+\dfrac{2c}{a^2+2}=a-\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+2}+b-\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+2}+c-\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+2}\)
\(VT\ge6-\left(\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+2}+\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+2}+\dfrac{ca^2}{c^2+2}\right)\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+2}=\dfrac{2ab^2}{2b^2+4}=\dfrac{2ab^2}{b^2+b^2+4}\le\dfrac{2ab^2}{3\sqrt[3]{4b^4}}=\dfrac{a}{3}\sqrt[3]{2b^2}=\dfrac{a}{3}\sqrt[3]{2.b.b}\le\dfrac{a}{9}\left(2+b+b\right)\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(VT\ge6-\left(\dfrac{2a}{9}\left(b+1\right)+\dfrac{2b}{9}\left(c+1\right)+\dfrac{2c}{9}\left(a+1\right)\right)\)
\(=6-\dfrac{2}{9}\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{2}{9}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge6-\dfrac{2}{9}\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{2}{27}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Lời giải:
a)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM:
\(x^3+x^2+x+1\geq 4\sqrt[4]{x^3.x^2.x.1}=4\sqrt[4]{x^6}\)
\(\Rightarrow (x^3+x^2+x+1)^2\geq 16\sqrt{x^6}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x^3+x^2+x+1)^2\geq 16x^3\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=1\)
b)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\frac{b+c}{a}.1\leq \left(\frac{\frac{b+c}{a}+1}{2}\right)^2=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{b+c+a}{a}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{a}{b+c}\geq 4\left(\frac{a}{a+b+c}\right)^2\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c}}\geq \frac{2a}{a+b+c}\)
Thực hiện tương tự với cac phân thức còn lại và cộng theo vế thu được:
\(\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{a+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{a+b}}\geq \frac{2a+2b+2c}{a+b+c}=2\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi
\(\frac{b+c}{a}=\frac{c+a}{b}=\frac{a+b}{c}=1\Rightarrow a+b+c=2a=2b=2c\)
\(\Rightarrow a=b=c\Rightarrow \frac{b+c}{a}=2\neq 1\) (vô lý)
Do đó dấu bằng không xảy ra
Vì vậy: \(\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{a+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{a+b}}>2\)
Đặt \(\left(2\sqrt{a}-5;2\sqrt{b}-5;2\sqrt{c}-5\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x;y;z>0\\a=\left(\dfrac{x+5}{2}\right)^2\\b=\left(\dfrac{y+5}{2}\right)^2\\c=\left(\dfrac{z+5}{2}\right)^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Q=\dfrac{\left(x+5\right)^2}{4y}+\dfrac{\left(y+5\right)^2}{4z}+\dfrac{\left(z+5\right)^2}{4x}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z+15\right)^2}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
\(Q\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+30\left(x+y+z\right)+225}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
\(Q\ge\dfrac{x+y+z}{4}+\dfrac{225}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}+\dfrac{15}{2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{225\left(x+y+z\right)}{16\left(x+y+z\right)}}+\dfrac{15}{2}=15\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=25\)
Áp dụng bđt hoán vị cho hai bộ số đơn điệu ngược chiều \(\left(a,b,c\right);\left(2\sqrt{a}-5,2\sqrt{b}-5,2\sqrt{c}-5\right)\): \(Q\ge\dfrac{a}{2\sqrt{a}-5}+\dfrac{b}{2\sqrt{b}-5}+\dfrac{c}{2\sqrt{c}-5}\).
Mặt khác ta có \(\dfrac{a}{2\sqrt{a}-5}-5=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}-5\right)^2}{2\sqrt{a}-5}\ge0\).
Do đó \(Q\ge5+5+5=15\).
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a = b = c = 25.
e)
\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\ge\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\) ( luôn đúng)
=> ĐPCM
Đặt PT đã cho ở đề là A
Ta có : \(\sqrt{3a^2+8b^2+14ab}=\sqrt{3a\left(a+4b\right)+2b\left(a+4b\right)}=\sqrt{\left(3a+2b\right)\left(a+4b\right)}\)
\(\le\dfrac{3a+2b+a+4b}{2}=\dfrac{4a+6b}{2}=2a+3b\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{\sqrt{3a^2+8b^2+14ab}}\ge\dfrac{a^2}{2a+3b}\)
Làm tương tự như trên , ta có :
\(\dfrac{b^2}{\sqrt{3b^2+8c^2+14bc}}\ge\dfrac{b^2}{2b+3c};\dfrac{c^2}{\sqrt{3c^2+8a^2+14ac}}\ge\dfrac{c^2}{2c+3a}\)
Nên : \(A\ge\dfrac{a^2}{2a+3b}+\dfrac{b^2}{2b+3c}+\dfrac{c^2}{2c+3a}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{5\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{5}{a+b+c}\left(đpcm\right)\)