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Bài làm:
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0\)
=> \(\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+2\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)=0\) (1)
Mà \(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\ge\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\), cách CM như sau:
\(\left(\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{b}\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}\ge\frac{2}{ab}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\ge\frac{2}{bc}\) ; \(\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{1}{a^2}\ge\frac{2}{ca}\)
Cộng vế 3 BĐT trên lại ta sẽ được: \(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\ge\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\)
Thay vào (1) ta được:
\(0=\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+2\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)\ge3\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)\)
=> \(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\le0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(a=b=c\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có :
\(\frac{\overline{ab}+\overline{bc}}{a+b}=\frac{\overline{bc}+\overline{ca}}{b+c}=\frac{\overline{ca}+\overline{ab}}{c+a}=\frac{\overline{ab}+\overline{bc}+\overline{bc}+\overline{ca}+\overline{ca}+\overline{ab}}{a+b+b+c+c+a}=\frac{2\left(\overline{ab}+\overline{bc}+\overline{ca}\right)}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{\overline{ab}+\overline{bc}+\overline{ca}}{a+b+c}\)
\(=\frac{10a+b+10b+c+10c+a}{a+b+c}=\frac{11a+11b+11c}{a+b+c}=\frac{11\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=11\)
Lại có : \(P=\left(1+\frac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\frac{c}{a}\right)=\frac{a+b}{b}.\frac{b+c}{c}.\frac{a+c}{a}\)
+) Nếu \(a+b+c=0\) :
\(\Rightarrow\)\(a+b=-c\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(b+c=-a\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(a+c=-b\)
Thay \(a+b=-c\)\(;\)\(b+c=-a\) và \(a+c=-b\) vào \(\frac{a+b}{b}.\frac{b+c}{c}.\frac{a+c}{a}\) ta được :
\(\frac{-c}{b}.\frac{-a}{c}.\frac{-b}{a}=\frac{-\left(abc\right)}{abc}=-1\)
+) Nếu \(a+b+c\ne0\) :
Do đó :
\(\frac{\overline{ab}+\overline{bc}}{a+b}=11\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(10a+11b+c=11a+11b\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(c=a\)\(\left(1\right)\)
\(\frac{\overline{bc}+\overline{ca}}{b+c}=11\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(10b+11c+a=11b+11c\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(a=b\)\(\left(2\right)\)
\(\frac{\overline{ca}+\overline{ab}}{c+a}=11\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(10c+11a+b=11c+11a\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(b=c\)\(\left(3\right)\)
Từ (1), (2) và (3) suy ra :
\(a=b=c\)
Suy ra :
\(P=\frac{a+b}{b}.\frac{b+c}{c}.\frac{a+c}{a}=\frac{b+b}{b}.\frac{c+c}{c}.\frac{a+a}{a}=\frac{2b}{b}.\frac{2c}{c}.\frac{2a}{a}=2.2.2=8\)
Vậy \(P=-1\) hoặc \(P=8\)
Chúc bạn học tốt ~
\(S=\frac{abc}{abc+a+ab}+\frac{1}{1+b+bc}+\frac{bc}{bc+bc^2+c^2ab}=\frac{bc}{bc+1+b}+\frac{1}{1+b+bc}+\frac{b}{b+bc+1}\)
\(=\frac{1+b+bc}{1+bc+b}=1\rightarrow S=1\)
ta có : a<= 1 => a-1<=0
b<=1 => b-1<=0
=> (b-1)(a-1) >= 0 => ab-a-b+1 >=0 => ab+1>=a+b => 2ab+1>= a+b ( vì ab>=0)
=> 2ab+1+1>= a+b+c ( vì 1>= c)
2ab+2>=a+b+c => 1/2ab+2<=1/a+b+c c/ab+1<= 2c/a+b+c
chứng minh tương tự ta có b/ac+1 <= 2b/a+b+c ; a/bc+1<= 2a/a+b+c
=> a/bc+1+b/ac+1 + c/ab+c <= 2a+2b+2c / a+b+c = 2 ( đpcm )
Lời giải:
Do $0< a< b< c< 1$ nên $0< ab< ac< bc$
\(\Rightarrow \frac{a}{bc+1}+\frac{b}{ac+1}+\frac{c}{ab+1}< \frac{a}{ab+1}+\frac{b}{ab+1}+\frac{c}{ab+1}=\frac{a+b+c}{ab+1}(1)\)
Vì $a,b< 1$ nên \((a-1)(b-1)>0\Leftrightarrow ab+1> a+b\)
$c< 1$ nên $1+ab>c$
\(\Rightarrow 2(ab+1)> a+b+c(2)\)
Từ (1);(2) \(\Rightarrow \frac{a}{bc+1}+\frac{b}{ac+1}+\frac{c}{ab+1}< \frac{a+b+c}{ab+1}< \frac{2(ab+1)}{ab+1}=2\)
Ta có đpcm.
\(A=\frac{a}{ab+a+1}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{c}{ca+c+1}=1\)
Từ \(abc=1\Rightarrow a=\frac{1}{bc}\) thay vào ta có:
\(A=\frac{\frac{1}{bc}}{\frac{1}{bc}\cdot b+\frac{1}{bc}+1}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{c}{c\cdot\frac{1}{bc}+c+1}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{1}{bc}}{\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{bc}+1}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{c}{\frac{1}{b}+c+1}\)
\(=\frac{1}{bc\left(\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{c}+1\right)}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(=\frac{1}{bc+b+1}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(=\frac{1+b+bc}{bc+b+1}=1\)
\(\frac{a}{ab+a+1}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{c}{ca+c+1}\)
\(=\frac{a}{ab+a+1}+\frac{ab}{a\left(bc+b+1\right)}+\frac{abc}{ab\left(ac+c+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{a}{ab+a+1}+\frac{ab}{abc+ab+a}+\frac{abc}{abc.a+abc+ab}\)
Thay abc = 1, ta có:
\(\frac{a}{ab+a+1}+\frac{ab}{ab+a+1}+\frac{1}{ab+a+1}\)
\(=\frac{ab+a+1}{ab+a+1}\)
\(=1\)
Sửa đề \(\frac{1}{ab+a+1}+\frac{1}{bc+b+1}+\frac{1}{ca+c+1}\)
Ta có:\(\frac{1}{ab+a+1}+\frac{1}{bc+b+1}+\frac{1}{ca+c+1}=\frac{c}{abc+ac+c}+\frac{ac}{abc^2+abc+ac}+\frac{1}{ca+c+1}\)
\(=\frac{c}{1+ca+c}+\frac{ac}{c+1+ac}+\frac{1}{ca+a+1}=\frac{ca+c+1}{ca+c+1}=1\)(Vì abc=1)