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Ta chứng minh BĐT sau với các số dương:
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
Thật vậy, BĐT tương đương: \(\dfrac{x+y}{xy}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2xy+y^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Áp dụng:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{4}{b+c}\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\dfrac{4}{c+a}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(2\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}+\dfrac{4}{b+c}+\dfrac{4}{c+a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{2}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}+\dfrac{2}{c+a}\)
b.
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{a}+\dfrac{3}{b}\ge\dfrac{12}{a+b}\) (1)
\(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{4}{b+c}\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\ge\dfrac{8}{b+c}\) (2)
\(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\dfrac{4}{c+a}\) (3)
Cộng vế với vế (1); (2) và (3):
\(\dfrac{4}{a}+\dfrac{5}{b}+\dfrac{3}{c}\ge4\left(\dfrac{3}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
a)Áp dụng BĐT cosi-schwart:
`A=1/a+1/b+1/c>=9/(a+b+c)`
Mà `a+b+c<=3/2`
`=>A>=9:3/2=6`
Dấu "=" `<=>a=b=c=1/2`
b)Áp dụng BĐT cosi:
`a+1/(4a)>=1`
`b+1/(4b)>=1`
`c+1/(4c)>=1`
`=>a+b+c+1/(4a)+1/(4b)+1/(4c)>=3`
Ta có:
`1/a+1/b+1/c>=6`(Ở câu a)
`=>3/4(1/a+1/b+1/c)>=9/2`
`=>a+b+c+1/(a)+1/(b)+1/(c)>=3+9/2=15/2`
Dấu "=" `<=>a=b=c=1/2`
a)Áp dụng BĐT cosi-schwart:
A=1a+1b+1c≥9a+b+cA=1a+1b+1c≥9a+b+c
Mà a+b+c≤32a+b+c≤32
⇒A≥9:32=6⇒A≥9:32=6
Dấu "=" ⇔a=b=c=12⇔a=b=c=12
b)Áp dụng BĐT cosi:
a+14a≥1a+14a≥1
b+14b≥1b+14b≥1
c+14c≥1c+14c≥1
⇒a+b+c+14a+14b+14c≥3⇒a+b+c+14a+14b+14c≥3
Ta có:
1a+1b+1c≥61a+1b+1c≥6(Ở câu a)
⇒34(1a+1b+1c)≥92⇒34(1a+1b+1c)≥92
⇒a+b+c+1a+1b+1c≥3+92=152⇒a+b+c+1a+1b+1c≥3+92=152
Dấu "=" ⇔a=b=c=12
\(a+b+c=0\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-\left(b+c\right)\\b=-\left(a+c\right)\\c=-\left(a+b\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2=b^2+2bc+c^2\\b^2=a^2+2ac+c^2\\c^2=a^2+2ab+b^2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b^2+c^2-a^2=-2bc\\a^2+c^2-b^2=-2ac\\a^2+b^2-c^2=-2ab\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow P=\frac{1}{-2bc}+\frac{1}{-2ac}+\frac{1}{-2ab}=\frac{a+b+c}{-2abc}=0\)
a) \(P=\frac{1}{b^2+c^2-a^2}+\frac{1}{a^2+b^2-c^2}+\frac{1}{a^2+c^2-b^2}\) ( Sửa đề )
\(P=\frac{1}{\left(b+c\right)^2-2ab-a^2}+\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^2-2ab-c^2}+\frac{1}{\left(a+c\right)^2-2ac-b^2}\)
Vì a + b + c = 0
Nên a + b = -c
=> ( a + b )2 = (-c)2 = c2
Tương tự: ( b + c )2 = a2 và ( a + c )2 = b2
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{1}{a^2-2bc-a^2}+\frac{1}{c^2-2ab-c^2}+\frac{1}{b^2-2ac-b^2}\)
\(P=\frac{1}{-2bc}+\frac{1}{-2ab}+\frac{1}{-2ac}\)
\(P=\frac{a+b+c}{-2abc}=\frac{0}{-2abc}=0\)
bài 1
biến đổi tương đương
sau đó nhân 2 cả 2 vế rồi xét hiệu
các phần còn lại cứ thế mà làm
nếu cần làm đầy đủ thì chat nhé
Tự nhiên lục được cái này :'(
3. Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có :
\(\frac{1}{a+b-c}+\frac{1}{b+c-a}\ge\frac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{a+b-c+b+c-a}=\frac{4}{2b}=\frac{2}{b}\)
\(\frac{1}{b+c-a}+\frac{1}{c+a-b}\ge\frac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{b+c-a+c+a-b}=\frac{4}{2c}=\frac{2}{c}\)
\(\frac{1}{a+b-c}+\frac{1}{c+a-b}\ge\frac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{a+b-c+c+a-b}=\frac{4}{2a}=\frac{2}{a}\)
Cộng theo vế ta có điều phải chứng minh
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> a = b = c
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge4\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{b+c}\right)\ge2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge1\)
Đặt \(\left(\frac{1}{a};\frac{1}{b};\frac{1}{c}\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow x+y+z\ge1\)
\(P=\sqrt{x^2+2y^2}+\sqrt{y^2+2z^2}+\sqrt{z^2+2x^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\sqrt{\frac{\left(x+2y\right)^2}{3}}+\sqrt{\frac{\left(y+2z\right)^2}{3}}+\sqrt{\frac{\left(z+2x\right)^2}{3}}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\left(3x+3y+3z\right)\ge\frac{3}{\sqrt{3}}=\sqrt{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\) hay \(a=b=c=3\)
#)Giải :
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy : \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{a}{1+b^2}=a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}\ge a-\frac{ab}{2}\\\frac{b}{1+c^2}=b-\frac{bc^2}{1+c^2}\ge b-\frac{bc}{2}\\\frac{c}{1+a^2}=c-\frac{ca^2}{1+a^2}\ge c-\frac{ca}{2}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{1+b^2}+\frac{b}{1+c^2}+\frac{c}{1+a^2}\ge a+b+c-\frac{1}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge3-\frac{1}{6}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{1+b^2}+\frac{b}{1+c^2}+\frac{c}{1+a^2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Theo BĐT AM-GM:
\(\frac{a}{1+b^2}\)=a-\(\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}\)\(\ge\)a-\(\frac{ab^2}{2b}\)=a-\(\frac{ab}{2}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{b}{1+c^2}\)\(\ge\)b-\(\frac{bc}{2}\);\(\frac{c}{1+a^2}\)\(\ge\)c-\(\frac{ca}{2}\)
Suy ra \(\frac{a}{1+b^2}\)+\(\frac{b}{1+c^2}\)+\(\frac{c}{1+a^2}\)\(\ge\)a+b+c-\(\frac{1}{2}\)(ab+bc+ca)
Mặt khác thì theo BĐT AM-GM:9=a2+b2+c2+2(ab+bc+ca)
=\(\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\)+\(\frac{b^2+c^2}{2}\)+\(\frac{c^2+a^2}{2}\)+2(ab+bc+ca)\(\ge\)3(ab+bc+ca)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{2}\)(ab+bc+ca)\(\le\)\(\frac{3}{2}\)
Cho nên \(\frac{a}{1+b^2}\)+\(\frac{b}{1+c^2}\)+\(\frac{c}{1+a^2}\)\(\ge\)a+b+c-\(\frac{3}{2}\)=3-\(\frac{3}{2}\)=\(\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{a^2+1}+\frac{1}{b^2+1}+\frac{1}{c^2+1}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
+) cm: \(\frac{1}{a^2+1}=1-\frac{a^2}{a^2+1}\ge1-\frac{a^2}{2a}=1-\frac{a}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{b^2+1}\ge1-\frac{b}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{c^2+1}\ge1-\frac{c}{2}\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+1}+\frac{1}{b^2+1}+\frac{1}{c^2+1}\ge3-\frac{a+b+c}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a = b = c = 1
\(\left(a+b\right)^2=4\ge4ab\Leftrightarrow ab\le1\)
\(A=\frac{b}{a^2+1}+\frac{a}{b^2+1}=\frac{2}{a^2+1}-\frac{a}{a^2+1}+\frac{2}{b^2+1}-\frac{b}{b^2+1}\)
\(\ge\frac{4}{ab+1}-\frac{a}{2a}-\frac{b}{2b}\ge\frac{4}{1+1}-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2}=1\)