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a) Áp dụng Cauchy Schwars ta có:
\(M=\frac{a^2}{a+1}+\frac{b^2}{b+1}+\frac{c^2}{c+1}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c+3}=\frac{9}{6}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: a = b = c = 1
b) \(N=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{4}{b+1}+\frac{9}{c+2}\ge\frac{\left(1+2+3\right)^2}{a+b+c+3}=\frac{36}{6}=6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: x=y=1
\(a^2-b^2=\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=7\cdot\sqrt{\left(a-b\right)^2+4ab}\)
\(=7\cdot\sqrt{7^2+4\cdot60}=119\)
\(a>b>0\Rightarrow a+b>0\)
\(\left(a+b\right)^2=\left(a-b\right)^2+4ab=7^2+4.60=289\Rightarrow a+b=17\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2-b^2=\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)=7.17=119\)
\(a^2+b^2=\left(a-b\right)^2+2ab=7^2+2.60=169\)
\(\Rightarrow a^4+b^4=\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2-2\left(ab\right)^2=169^2-2.60^2=21361\)
\(a+b+c=0\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca=-5\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2=25\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(ab\right)^2+\left(bc\right)^2+\left(ca\right)^2+2abc\left(a+b+c\right)=25\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(ab\right)^2+\left(bc\right)^2+\left(ca\right)^2=25\)
\(\Rightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2-2\left[\left(ab\right)^2+\left(bc\right)^2+\left(ca\right)^2\right]\)
\(=10^2-2.25=50\)
Ta có: a+b+c=0 ⇒(a+b+c)2=0
Hay a2+b2+c2+2ab+2bc+2ca=0
1+2(ac+bc+ca)=0
ab+bc+ca=\(\dfrac{-1}{2}\)
\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2=a^4+b^4+c^4+2\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)=100\left(1\right)\)
\(\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2=a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+b^2ac+c^2ab+a^bc=a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2+a^2+2abc\left(a+b+c\right)=a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2=25\)
hay \(2\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)=50\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) ⇒a4+b4+c4=50
\(a,a^2+b^2=\left(a+b\right)^2-2ab=9^2-2\cdot20=41\\ b,a^4+b^4=\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2-2a^2b^2=41^2-2\left(ab\right)^2\\ =1681-2\cdot400=881\\ c,\left(a-b\right)^2=a^2+b^2-2ab=41-2\cdot20=1\\ \Rightarrow a-b=1\\ \Rightarrow C=a^2-b^2=\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)=9\cdot1=9\)
Ta có a+b+c=0⇔(a+b+c)2=0⇔a2+b2+c2+2(ab+bc+ac)=0a+b+c=0⇔(a+b+c)2=0⇔a2+b2+c2+2(ab+bc+ac)=0
+) Nếu a2+b2+c2=2a2+b2+c2=2 thì ab+bc+ac=−22=−1⇔(ab+bc+ac)2=1⇔a2b2+b2c2+c2a2+2abc(a+b+c)=1ab+bc+ac=−22=−1⇔(ab+bc+ac)2=1⇔a2b2+b2c2+c2a2+2abc(a+b+c)=1
⇔a2b2+b2c2+c2a2=1⇔a2b2+b2c2+c2a2=1
Ta có : (a2+b2+c2)2=a4+b4+c4+2(a2b2+b2c2+c2a2)=4(a2+b2+c2)2=a4+b4+c4+2(a2b2+b2c2+c2a2)=4
⇔a4+b4+c2+2=4⇔a4+b4+c4=2⇔a4+b4+c2+2=4⇔a4+b4+c4=2
+ Nếu a2+b2+c2=1a2+b2+c2=1 làm tương tự
a)Có \(a^2+1\ge2a\) với mọi a; \(b^2+1\ge2b\) với mọi b
Cộng vế với vế \(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+2\ge2\left(a+b\right)\)
Dấu = xảy ra <=> a=b=1
b) Áp dụng BĐT bunhiacopxki có:
\(\left(x+y\right)^2\le\left(1+1\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\le2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\sqrt{2}\le x+y\le\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)_{max}=\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=\sqrt{2}\\x=y\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
\(\left(x+y\right)_{min}=-\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-\sqrt{2}\\x=y\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=-\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
c) \(S=\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2}=\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}\)
Với x,y>0, ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\) (1)
Thật vậy (1) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{y+x}{xy}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) (lđ)
Áp dụng (1) vào S ta được:
\(S\ge\dfrac{4}{a^2+b^2+2ab}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}\)
Lại có: \(ab\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\) \(\Leftrightarrow2ab\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\Leftrightarrow2ab\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2ab}\ge2\)
\(\Rightarrow S\ge\dfrac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+2=6\)
\(\Rightarrow S_{min}=6\Leftrightarrow a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Ta có: a + b + c = 0
\(\Rightarrow\) (a + b + c)2 = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ac = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) 2009 + 2(ab + bc + ac) = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) ab + bc + ac = \(\dfrac{-2009}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (ab + bc + ac)2 = \(\left(\dfrac{-2009}{2}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) a2b2 + b2c2 + a2c2 + 2abc(a + b + c) = \(\left(\dfrac{-2009}{2}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) a2b2 + b2c2 + c2a2 = \(\left(\dfrac{-2009}{2}\right)^2\) (Vì a + b + c = 0)
Lại có: a2 + b2 + c2 = 2009
\(\Rightarrow\) (a2 + b2 + c2)2 = 20092
\(\Leftrightarrow\) a4 + b4 + c4 + 2(a2b2 + b2c2 + c2a2) = 20092
\(\Leftrightarrow\) a4 + b4 + c4 + 2.\(\dfrac{2009^2}{4}\) = 20092
\(\Leftrightarrow\) a4 + b4 + c4 = 20092 - \(\dfrac{2009^2}{2}\) = 2018040,5
Chúc bn học tốt!
\(a^2+b^2=\left(a+b\right)^2-2ab=\left(-3\right)^2-2\cdot\left(-2\right)=9+4=13\)
\(a^3+b^3=\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=\left(-3\right)^3-3\cdot\left(-2\right)\cdot\left(-3\right)\)
\(=-27-18=-45\)