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Từ giả thiết:
\(a^2=2\left(b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(b+c\right)^2\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}\right)^2\ge1\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b+c}\ge1\)
\(P=\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ac+bc}\ge\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{a\left(b+c\right)+2bc}\ge\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{a\left(b+c\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(b+c\right)^2}\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{2}}\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b+c}=x\ge1\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge x+\dfrac{1}{x+\dfrac{1}{2}}=\dfrac{4}{9}\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)+\dfrac{1}{x+\dfrac{1}{2}}+\dfrac{5}{9}x-\dfrac{2}{9}\)
\(P\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{9}\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right).\dfrac{1}{\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)}}+\dfrac{5}{9}.1-\dfrac{2}{9}=\dfrac{5}{3}\)
\(P_{min}=\dfrac{5}{3}\) khi \(x=1\) hay \(a=2b=2c\)
Bài 1: Ta có:
\(M=\frac{ad}{abcd+abd+ad+d}+\frac{bad}{bcd.ad+bc.ad+bad+ad}+\frac{c.abd}{cda.abd+cd.abd+cabd+abd}+\frac{d}{dab+da+d+1}\)
\(=\frac{ad}{1+abd+ad+d}+\frac{bad}{d+1+bad+ad}+\frac{1}{ad+d+1+abd}+\frac{d}{dab+da+d+1}\)
$=\frac{ad+abd+1+d}{ad+abd+1+d}=1$
Bài 2:
Vì $a,b,c,d\in [0;1]$ nên
\(N\leq \frac{a}{abcd+1}+\frac{b}{abcd+1}+\frac{c}{abcd+1}+\frac{d}{abcd+1}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{abcd+1}\)
Ta cũng có:
$(a-1)(b-1)\geq 0\Rightarrow a+b\leq ab+1$
Tương tự:
$c+d\leq cd+1$
$(ab-1)(cd-1)\geq 0\Rightarrow ab+cd\leq abcd+1$
Cộng 3 BĐT trên lại và thu gọn thì $a+b+c+d\leq abcd+3$
$\Rightarrow N\leq \frac{abcd+3}{abcd+1}=\frac{3(abcd+1)-2abcd}{abcd+1}$
$=3-\frac{2abcd}{abcd+1}\leq 3$
Vậy $N_{\max}=3$
Lời giải:
\(P=\frac{a^4-a-b^4+b}{(b^3-1)(a^3-1)}+\frac{2(a-b)}{a^2b^2+3}\)
\(=\frac{(a^4-b^4)-(a-b)}{a^3b^3-(a^3+b^3)+1}+\frac{2(a-b)}{a^2b^2+3}=\frac{(a-b)[(a+b)(a^2+b^2)-1]}{a^3b^3-[(a+b)^3-3ab(a+b)]+1}+\frac{2(a-b)}{a^2b^2+3}\)
\(=\frac{(a-b)[(a^2+b^2)-(a+b)^2]}{a^3b^3-[1-3ab]+1}+\frac{2(a-b)}{a^2b^2+3}=\frac{-2ab(a-b)}{a^3b^3+3ab}+\frac{2(a-b)}{a^2b^2+3}\)
\(=\frac{-2(a-b)}{a^2b^2+3}+\frac{2(a-b)}{a^2b^2+3}=0\)
Lời giải:
\(P=\frac{a^4-a-b^4+b}{(b^3-1)(a^3-1)}+\frac{2(a-b)}{a^2b^2+3}\)
\(=\frac{(a^4-b^4)-(a-b)}{a^3b^3-(a^3+b^3)+1}+\frac{2(a-b)}{a^2b^2+3}=\frac{(a-b)[(a+b)(a^2+b^2)-1]}{a^3b^3-[(a+b)^3-3ab(a+b)]+1}+\frac{2(a-b)}{a^2b^2+3}\)
\(=\frac{(a-b)[(a^2+b^2)-(a+b)^2]}{a^3b^3-[1-3ab]+1}+\frac{2(a-b)}{a^2b^2+3}=\frac{-2ab(a-b)}{a^3b^3+3ab}+\frac{2(a-b)}{a^2b^2+3}\)
\(=\frac{-2(a-b)}{a^2b^2+3}+\frac{2(a-b)}{a^2b^2+3}=0\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:
$a^2+1\geq 2a$
$b^2+4\geq 4b$
$\Rightarrow a^2+b^2\geq 2a+4b-5$
$\Rightarrow P\geq 2a+4b-5+\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b}$
$=\frac{a+b}{9}+\frac{1}{a+b}+(\frac{b}{4}+\frac{1}{b})+\frac{17}{9}a+\frac{131}{36}b-5$
$\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{9}}+2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}+\frac{17}{9}a+\frac{131}{36}b-5$
$=\frac{2}{3}+1+\frac{17}{9}a+\frac{131}{36}b-5$
$\geq \frac{2}{3}+1+\frac{17}{9}+\frac{131}{36}.2-5=\frac{35}{6}$
Vậy $P_{\min}=\frac{35}{6}$ khi $a=1; b=2$