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Cho \(a,b\in\mathbb{Z},b>0\). So sánh hai số hữu tỉ \(\dfrac{a}{b}\) và \(\dfrac{a+2001}{b+2001}\) ?
Xét tích \(a\left(b+2001\right)=ab+2001a\).
\(b\left(a+2001\right)=ab+2001b\). Vì \(b>0\) nên \(b+2001>0\).
a) Nếu \(a>b\) thì \(ab+2001a>ab+2001b\)
\(a\left(b+2001\right)>b\left(a+2001\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}>\dfrac{a+2001}{b+2001}\) (theo bài 5).
b) Tương tự (theo bài 5) nếu \(a< b\) thì \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+2001}{b+2001}\).
c) Nếu \(a=b\) thì rõ ràng \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a+2001}{b+2001}\).
+) Nếu \(a>b\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}>1\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}>\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}\)
+) Nếu \(a=b\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=1\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}\)
+) Nếu \(a< b\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< 1\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+n}{b+n}\)
\(a>b\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}>1\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}>1\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}>\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}\)
\(a< b\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< 1\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}< 1\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+n}{b+n}\)
\(a=b\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=1\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}=1\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}\)
Chúc bạn học tốt!
Câu 2:
Ta có: \(x^2=1\)
=>x=1 hoặc x=-1
=>x là số hữu tỉ
\(\frac{a}{b}=1\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}=\frac{a+2001}{b+2001}\)
\(\frac{a}{b}>1\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}-1=\frac{a-b}{b}>\frac{a-b}{b+2001}=\frac{a+2001}{b+2001}-1\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}>\frac{a+2001}{b+2001}\)
\(\frac{a}{b}< 1\Rightarrow a< b\Rightarrow1-\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b-a}{b}>\frac{b-a}{b+2001}=1-\frac{a+2001}{b+2001}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+2001}{b+2001}\)
tíc mình nha
Để so sánh \(\frac{a}{b}\)và \(\frac{a+1}{b+1}\), ta đi so sánh hai số \(a\left(b+1\right)\)và \(b\left(a+1\right)\).
Xét hiệu:
\(a\left(b+1\right)-b\left(a+1\right)=ab+a-\left(ab+b\right)=a-b\)
Ta có 3 trường hợp, với điều kiện b > 0:
Trường hợp 1: Nếu \(a-b=0\Leftrightarrow a=b\)thì:
\(a\left(b+1\right)-b\left(a+1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow a\left(b+1\right)=b\left(a+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a\left(b+1\right)}{b\left(a+1\right)}=\frac{b\left(a+1\right)}{a\left(b+1\right)}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b}=\frac{a+1}{b+1}\)
Trường hợp 2: Nếu \(a-b< 0\Leftrightarrow a< b\)thì:
\(a\left(b+1\right)-b\left(a+1\right)< 0\Leftrightarrow a\left(b+1\right)< b\left(a+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a\left(b+1\right)}{b\left(a+1\right)}< \frac{b\left(a+1\right)}{a\left(b+1\right)}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+1}{b+1}\)
Trường hợp 3: Nếu \(a-b>0\Leftrightarrow a>b\)thì:
\(a\left(b+1\right)-b\left(a+1\right)>0\Leftrightarrow a\left(b+1\right)>b\left(a+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a\left(b+1\right)}{b\left(a+1\right)}>\frac{b\left(a+1\right)}{a\left(b+1\right)}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b}>\frac{a+1}{b+1}\)
1.
Ta có: \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\Leftrightarrow ad< bc\Leftrightarrow ab+ad< ad+bc\Leftrightarrow a\left(b+d\right)< b\left(a+c\right)\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+d}\) (1)
Lại có: \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\Leftrightarrow bc>ad\Leftrightarrow bc+cd>ad+cd\Leftrightarrow c\left(b+d\right)>d\left(a+c\right)\Leftrightarrow\frac{c}{d}>\frac{a+c}{b+d}\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+d}< \frac{c}{d}\)
2.
Ta có: a(b + n) = ab + an (1)
b(a + n) = ab + bn (2)
Trường hợp 1: nếu a < b mà n > 0 thì an < bn (3)
Từ (1),(2),(3) suy ra a(b + n) < b(a + n) => \(\frac{a}{n}< \frac{a+n}{b+n}\)
Trường hợp 2: nếu a > b mà n > 0 thì an > bn (4)
Từ (1),(2),(4) suy ra a(b + n) > b(a + n) => \(\frac{a}{b}>\frac{a+n}{b+n}\)
Trường hợp 3: nếu a = b thì \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{a+n}{b+n}=1\)
+\(\frac{a}{b}=1\Leftrightarrow a=b\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b}=\frac{a+2016}{b+2016}\)
+\(\frac{a}{b}>1\Leftrightarrow a>b\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b}-1=\frac{a-b}{b}>\frac{a-b}{b+2016}=\frac{a+2016}{b+2016}-1\)=> \(\frac{a}{b}>\frac{a+2016}{b+2016}\)
+\(\frac{a}{b}< 1\Leftrightarrow a< b\Leftrightarrow1-\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b-a}{b}>\frac{b-a}{b+2016}=1-\frac{a+2016}{b+2016}\)=>\(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+2016}{b+2016}\)
Ta có
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a\left(b+2010\right)}{b\left(b+2010\right)}=\dfrac{ab+2010a}{b\left(b+2010\right)}\) (1)
\(\dfrac{a+2010}{b+2010}=\dfrac{b\left(a+2010\right)}{b\left(b+2010\right)}=\dfrac{ab+2010b}{b\left(2010+b\right)}\) (2)
Nếu \(a=b\Rightarrow2010a=2010b\) nên từ 1 và 2 suy ra \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a+2010}{b+2010}\)
Nếu a>b \(\Rightarrow2010a>2010b\) nên tư 1 và 2 suy ra \(\dfrac{a}{b}>\dfrac{a+2010}{b+2010}\)
Nếu a<b \(\Rightarrow2010a< 2010b\) nên từ 1 va 2 suy ra \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+2010}{b+2010}\)