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Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si cho 3 số dương ta có:
\(\left(1+\frac{1}{a}\right)^4+\left(1+\frac{1}{b}\right)^4+\left(1+\frac{1}{c}\right)^4\ge3\left(\sqrt[3]{\left(1+\frac{1}{a}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{c}\right)}\right)^4\)
Ta chứng minh: \(\left(1+\frac{1}{a}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge\left(1+\frac{3}{2+abc}\right)^3\left(1\right)\)
Theo BĐT Cô - si ta có:
\(\left(1+\frac{1}{a}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{c}\right)=1+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}+\frac{1}{abc}\)
\(\ge1+\frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}+\frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}}+\frac{1}{abc}=\left(1+\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}\right)^3\ge\left(1+\frac{3}{2+abc}\right)^3\)
(Vì \(abc+2=abc+1+1\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\))
Vậy \(\left(1\right)\) được chứng minh \(\Rightarrow BĐT\) đúng \(\forall a,b,c>0\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left[\left(1+\frac{1}{a}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{c}\right)\right]^4}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge3\left(\sqrt[3]{1+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}+\frac{1}{abc}}\right)^4\left(1\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}\\\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{a^2b^2c^2}}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow1+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}+\frac{1}{abc}\ge1+3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}\)
\(+3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{a^2b^2c^2}}+\frac{1}{abc}\)
\(\Rightarrow1+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}+\frac{1}{abc}\ge\left(1+\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}\right)^3\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(\sqrt[3]{1+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}+\frac{1}{abc}}\right)^4\)
\(\ge3\left(1+\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}\right)^4\)
\(\left(2\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt[3]{abc}\le\frac{abc+1+1}{3}=\frac{abc+2}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow1+\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}\ge1+\frac{3}{abc+2}\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(1+\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}\right)^4\ge3\left(1+\frac{3}{abc+2}\right)^4\left(3\right)\)
Từ (1) , (2) và (3)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge3\left(1+\frac{3}{abc+2}\right)^4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1+\frac{1}{a}\right)^4+\left(1+\frac{1}{b}\right)^4+\left(1+\frac{1}{c}\right)^4\ge3\left(1+\frac{3}{2+abc}\right)^4\left(đpcm\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt !!!
bài 2 thì bạn áp dụng bdt cô si với lựa chọn điểm rơi hoặc bdt holder ( nó giống kiểu bunhia ngược ) . bai 1 thi ap dung cai nay \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}>=\frac{1}{x+y}\) câu 1 khó hơn nhưng bạn biết lựa chọn điểm rơi với áp dụng bdt phụ kia là ok .
Bài 1:Đặt VT=A
Dùng BĐT \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\ge9\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x+y+z}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)x,y,z>0\)
Áp dụng vào bài toán trên với x=a+c;y=b+a;z=2b ta có:
\(\frac{ab}{a+3b+2c}=\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)+2b}\le\frac{ab}{9}\left(\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{2b}\right)\)
Tương tự với 2 cái còn lại
\(A\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{bc+ac}{a+b}+\frac{bc+ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab+ac}{b+c}\right)+\frac{1}{18}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le\frac{1}{9}\left(a+b+c\right)+\frac{1}{18}\left(a+b+c\right)=\frac{a+b+c}{6}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a=b=c
Bài 2:
Biến đổi BPT \(4\left(\frac{a^3}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{b^3}{\left(1+c\right)\left(1+a\right)}+\frac{c^3}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}\right)\ge3\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{b^3}{\left(1+c\right)\left(1+a\right)}+\frac{c^3}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
Dự đoán điểm rơi xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
\(\frac{a^3}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{1+b}{8}+\frac{1+c}{8}\ge\frac{3a}{4}\)
Tương tự suy ra
\(VT\ge\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)-3}{4}\ge\frac{2\cdot3\sqrt{abc}-3}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
Ta có \(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}=3\)
Áp dụng bđt cosi ta có:
\(\frac{a^3}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+2\right)}+\frac{b+1}{12}+\frac{c+2}{18}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^3}{12.18}}=\frac{a}{2}\)
Làm tương tự
=>\(VT+\left(\frac{a+1}{12}+\frac{a+2}{18}\right)+\left(\frac{b+1}{12}+\frac{b+2}{18}\right)+\left(\frac{c+1}{12}+\frac{c+2}{18}\right)\ge\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
=> \(VT\ge\frac{13}{36}.\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{7}{12}\ge\frac{13}{36}.3-\frac{7}{12}=\frac{1}{2}\)(ĐPCM)
2) Theo nguyên lí Dirichlet, trong ba số \(a^2-1;b^2-1;c^2-1\) có ít nhất hai số nằm cùng phía với 1.
Giả sử đó là a2 - 1 và b2 - 1. Khi đó \(\left(a^2-1\right)\left(b^2-1\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow a^2b^2-a^2-b^2+1\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2b^2+3a^2+3b^2+9\ge4a^2+4b^2+8\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2+3\right)\left(b^2+3\right)\ge4\left(a^2+b^2+2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2+3\right)\left(b^2+3\right)\left(c^2+3\right)\ge4\left(a^2+b^2+1+1\right)\left(1+1+c^2+1\right)\) (2)
Mà \(4\left[\left(a^2+b^2+1+1\right)\left(1+1+c^2+1\right)\right]\ge4\left(a+b+c+1\right)^2\) (3)(Áp dụng Bunhicopxki và cái ngoặc vuông)
Từ (2) và (3) ta có đpcm.
Sai thì chịu
Xí quên bài 2 b:v
b) Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(\left(a^2-\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(b^2-\frac{1}{4}\right)\ge0\)
Suy ra \(a^2b^2-\frac{1}{4}a^2-\frac{1}{4}b^2+\frac{1}{16}\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2b^2+a^2+b^2+1\ge\frac{5}{4}a^2+\frac{5}{4}b^2+\frac{15}{16}\)
Hay \(\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\ge\frac{5}{4}\left(a^2+b^2+\frac{3}{4}\right)\)
Suy ra \(\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)\ge\frac{5}{4}\left(a^2+b^2+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}+c^2+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{5}{4}\left(\frac{1}{2}a+\frac{1}{2}b+\frac{1}{2}c+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=\frac{5}{16}\left(a+b+c+1\right)^2\) (Bunhiacopxki) (đpcm)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Svarxơ:
\(\Sigma\frac{a^2}{\sqrt{5-2\left(b+c\right)}}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\sqrt{5-2\left(b+c\right)}+\sqrt{5-2\left(a+c\right)}+\sqrt{5-2\left(a+b\right)}}\)\(\frac{3^2}{\sqrt{5-2\left(b+c\right)}+\sqrt{5-2\left(a+c\right)}+\sqrt{5-2\left(b+c\right)}}\)
Có: \(\sqrt{5-2\left(b+c\right)}=\sqrt{2\left(1-\left(3-a\right)\right)+3}\)\(=\sqrt{-4+2a+3}=\sqrt{2a-1}\)
CMTT: \(\sqrt{5-2\left(a+c\right)}=\sqrt{2b-1}\);\(\sqrt{5-2\left(a+b\right)}=\sqrt{2c-1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma\frac{a^2}{\sqrt{5-2\left(b+c\right)}}\ge\frac{9}{\sqrt{2a-1}+\sqrt{2b-1}+\sqrt{2c-1}}\)\(\ge\frac{9}{\sqrt{\left(1^2+1^2+1^2\right)\left(2a-1+2b-1+2c-1\right)}}\)(BDT Bunhiacopxki)\(=\frac{9}{\sqrt{3\left[2\left(a+b+c\right)-3\right]}}=\frac{9}{\sqrt{3\left[6-3\right]}}=\frac{9}{3}=3\)(dpcm)
Đặt \(\left(\frac{1}{a},\frac{1}{b},\frac{1}{c}\right)=\left(x,y,z\right)\)
\(x+y+z\ge\frac{x^2+2xy}{2x+y}+\frac{y^2+2yz}{2y+z}+\frac{z^2+2zx}{2z+x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z\ge\frac{3xy}{2x+y}+\frac{3yz}{2y+z}+\frac{3zx}{2z+x}\)
\(\frac{3xy}{2x+y}\le\frac{3}{9}xy\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)=\frac{1}{3}\left(x+2y\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{3xy}{2x+y}\le\frac{1}{3}\left[\left(x+2y\right)+\left(y+2z\right)+\left(z+2x\right)\right]=x+y+z\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=y=z
\(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt[3]{abc}}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+\sqrt[3]{abc}\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
cauchy-schwarz:
\(VT=\frac{c^2}{ac^2+bc^2}+\frac{a^2}{a^2b+a^2c}+\frac{b^2}{b^2c+b^2a}+\frac{\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}}{2abc}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+\sqrt[3]{abc}\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)