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2.
Vì \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^3}{\left(b+c+d\right)^3}\left(1\right)\)
Vì \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{b}{c}.\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a}{d}\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right);\left(2\right)\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\dfrac{a}{d}\left(dpcm\right)\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{\overline{ab}}{b}=\dfrac{\overline{bc}}{c}=\dfrac{\overline{ca}}{a}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{10a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{b}=\dfrac{10b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{c}=\dfrac{10c}{a}+\dfrac{a}{a}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{10a}{b}+1=\dfrac{10b}{c}+1=\dfrac{10c}{a}+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{10a}{b}=\dfrac{10b}{c}=\dfrac{10c}{a}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:
\(\dfrac{10a}{b}=\dfrac{10b}{c}=\dfrac{10c}{a}=\dfrac{10a+10b+10c}{b+c+a}=\dfrac{10\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=10\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}10a=10b\\10b=10c\\10c=10a\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\overline{abc}\right)^{123}=\left(\overline{aaa}\right)^{123}\)(1)
\(\Rightarrow c=111^{123}.a^{40}.a^{41}.a^{42}=111^{123}.a^{123}=\left(111.a\right)^{123}=\left(\overline{aaa}\right)^{123}\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra: \(\left(\overline{abc}\right)^{123}=111^{123}.a^{40}.b^{41}.c^{42}\)
4) Ta có: a2=bc => aa=bc =>\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{a}\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{a}=k\left(k\ne0\right)\)
=> a=bk ; c=ak
+)\(\dfrac{a+b}{a-b}=\dfrac{bk+b}{bk-b}=\dfrac{b\left(k+1\right)}{b\left(k-1\right)}=\dfrac{k+1}{k-1}\left(1\right)\)
+) \(\dfrac{c+a}{c-a}=\dfrac{ak+a}{ak-a}=\dfrac{a\left(k+1\right)}{a\left(k-1\right)}=\dfrac{k+1}{k-1}\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) => \(\dfrac{a+b}{a-b}=\dfrac{c+a}{c-a}\)
5) phải xét 2 trường họp dài lắm nên mình chả muốn làm ~~
b) Ta có: [tex]\frac{a^{2} + c^{2}}{b^{2} + a^{2}}[/tex]= [tex]\frac{bc + c^{2}}{b^{2} + bc}= \frac{c(b +c)}{b(b + c)}= \frac{c}{b}[/tex] (đpcm)
Giải:
Từ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b^2=ac\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}\\c^2=bd\Rightarrow\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)
Theo tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a+b-c}{b+c-d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}=\dfrac{b^3}{c^3}=\dfrac{c^3}{d^3}=\dfrac{\left(a+b-c\right)^3}{\left(b+c-d\right)^3}\left(1\right)\)
Mà \(\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}=\dfrac{b^3}{c^3}=\dfrac{c^3}{d^3}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3-c^3}{b^3+c^3-d^3}\left(2\right)\)
Kết hợp \(\left(1\right)\) và \(\left(2\right)\) suy ra:
\(\dfrac{a^3+b^3-c^3}{b^3+c^3-d^3}=\dfrac{\left(a+b-c\right)^3}{\left(b+c-d\right)^3}\) (Đpcm)
Bài 2:
Đặt a/b=c/d=k
=>a=bk; c=dk
a: \(\dfrac{a}{a+b}=\dfrac{bk}{bk+b}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\)
\(\dfrac{c}{c+d}=\dfrac{dk}{dk+d}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{a}{a+b}=\dfrac{c}{c+d}\)
b: \(\dfrac{7a^2+5ac}{7a^2-5ac}=\dfrac{7\cdot b^2k^2+5\cdot bk\cdot dk}{7\cdot b^2k^2-5\cdot bk\cdot dk}\)
\(=\dfrac{7b^2k^2+5bdk^2}{7b^2k^2-5bdk^2}=\dfrac{7b^2+5bd}{7b^2-5bd}\)(đpcm)
a: Đặt a/b=c/d=k
=>a=bk; c=dk
\(\dfrac{a}{a-b}=\dfrac{bk}{bk-b}=\dfrac{k}{k-1}\)
\(\dfrac{c}{c-d}=\dfrac{dk}{dk-d}=\dfrac{k}{k-1}\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{a}{a-b}=\dfrac{c}{c-d}\)
b: Đặt a/b=c/d=k
=>a=bk; c=dk
\(\left(\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^2=\left(\dfrac{bk+b}{dk+d}\right)^2=\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}\)
\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\dfrac{b^2k^2+b^2}{d^2k^2+d^2}=\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}\)
DO đó: \(\left(\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^2=\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}\)
\(\dfrac{a+c}{b+d}=\dfrac{a-c}{b-d}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{a+c}{b+d}=\dfrac{a-c}{b-d}=\dfrac{a+c+a-c}{b+d+b-d}=\dfrac{2a}{2b}=\dfrac{a}{b}\left(1\right)\)
\(\dfrac{a+c}{b+d}=\dfrac{a-c}{b-d}=\dfrac{a+c-a+c}{b+d-b+d}=\dfrac{2c}{2d}=\dfrac{c}{d}\left(1\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\) và \(\left(2\right)\) ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)
Đặt:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=bk\\c=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thay vào tính