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1) \(a^5-a=a\left(a^4-1\right)=a\left(a^2-1\right)\left(a^2+1\right)\)
\(=\left(a-1\right)a\left(a+1\right)\left(a^2-4+5\right)\)
\(=\left(a-1\right)a\left(a+1\right)\left(a^2-4\right)+5\left(a-1\right)a\left(a+1\right)\)
\(=\left(a-2\right)\left(a-1\right)a\left(a+1\right)\left(a+2\right)+5\left(a-1\right)a\left(a+1\right)⋮5\)
Vì \(\left(a-2\right)\left(a-1\right)a\left(a+1\right)\left(a+2\right)⋮5\)( tích 5 số nguyên liên tiếp chia hết cho 5)
và \(5\left(a-1\right)a\left(a+1\right)⋮5\)
=> \(a^5-a⋮5\)
Nếu \(a^5⋮5\)=> a chia hết cho 5
\(sigma\frac{a}{1+b-a}=sigma\frac{a^2}{a+ab-a^2}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c+\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\frac{1}{b^2+c^2}=\frac{1}{1-a^2}=1+\frac{a^2}{b^2+c^2}\le1+\frac{a^2}{2bc}\)
Tương tự cộng lại quy đồng ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{a+b}\frac{1}{b+c}}=2\frac{1}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\ge\frac{4}{a+2b+c}\)
Tương tự có: \(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+c}\ge\frac{4}{a+2c+b}\)
\(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}\ge\frac{4}{b+2a+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{c+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}\ge2\left(\frac{1}{b+2a+c}+\frac{1}{a+2b+c}+\frac{1}{b+2c+a}\right)\)
Ta CM: \(\frac{1}{b+2a+c}\ge\frac{6}{a^2+63}\). Thật vậy:
\(\frac{1}{b+2a+c}\ge\frac{6}{a^2+63}\)\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+63\ge6b+12a+6c\)\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+b^2+c^2+36-6b-12a-6c\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a-3\right)^2+\left(b-3\right)^2+\left(c-3\right)^2\ge0\) ( luôn đúng)
Dấu '=' xảy ra <=> a=b=c=3
Vậy \(\frac{1}{b+2a+c}+\frac{1}{a+2b+c}+\frac{1}{b+2c+a}\ge\frac{6}{a^2+63}+\frac{6}{b^2+63}+\frac{6}{c^2+63}\)
=> đpcm
Ta có \(\dfrac{a^2}{a+b^2}=a-\dfrac{ab^2}{a+b^2}\ge a-\dfrac{ab^2}{2b\sqrt{a}}=a-\dfrac{ab}{2\sqrt{a}}\)
Thiết lập tương tự và thu lại ta có :
\(VT\ge3-\left(\dfrac{ab}{2\sqrt{a}}+\dfrac{bc}{2\sqrt{b}}+\dfrac{ac}{2\sqrt{c}}\right)\)
Xét \(\dfrac{ab}{2\sqrt{a}}+\dfrac{bc}{2\sqrt{b}}+\dfrac{ac}{2\sqrt{c}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{4a}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{4b}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2c^2}{4c}}\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy ta có \(\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{4a}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{2a}.\dfrac{ab}{2}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{b}{2}+\dfrac{ab}{2}}{2}\)
Thiết lập tương tự và thu lại ta có :
\(\dfrac{ab}{2\sqrt{a}}+\dfrac{bc}{2\sqrt{b}}+\dfrac{ac}{2\sqrt{c}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}+\dfrac{ab+bc+ac}{2}}{2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{ab+bc+ac}{2}}{2}\left(1\right)\)
Theo hệ quả của bđt Cauchy ta có \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ac\le\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{ab+bc+ac}{2}}{2}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{3}{2}}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(2\right)\)
Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 ) ta có \(\dfrac{ab}{2\sqrt{a}}+\dfrac{bc}{2\sqrt{b}}+\dfrac{ac}{2\sqrt{c}}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow3-\left(\dfrac{ab}{2\sqrt{a}}+\dfrac{bc}{2\sqrt{b}}+\dfrac{ac}{2\sqrt{c}}\right)\ge3-\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu '' = '' xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(3=a+b+ab\le a+b+\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2+4\left(a+b\right)-12\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b-2\right)\left(a+b+6\right)\ge0\Rightarrow a+b\ge2\)
Đặt vế trái của BĐT là P
\(P=\frac{4a\left(a+1\right)+4b\left(b+1\right)}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}+2ab-\sqrt{7-3\left(3-a-b\right)}\)
\(P=\frac{4\left(a^2+b^2+a+b\right)}{ab+a+b+1}+2ab-\sqrt{3\left(a+b\right)-2}\)
\(P=a^2+b^2+a+b+2ab-\sqrt{3\left(a+b\right)-2}\)
\(P=\left(a+b\right)^2+a+b-\sqrt{3\left(a+b\right)-2}\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{3\left(a+b\right)-2}=x\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge2\\a+b=\frac{x^2+2}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\left(\frac{x^2+2}{3}\right)^2+\frac{x^2+2}{3}-x=\frac{x^4+7x^2-9x+10}{9}\)
\(P=\frac{x^4+7x^2-9x-26+36}{9}=\frac{\left(x-2\right)\left(x^3+2x^2+11x+13\right)}{9}+4\ge4\) ; \(\forall x\ge2\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=2\) hay \(a=b=1\)