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Ta có: P= \(2a+3b+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{4}{b}\) = \(\text{}\text{}(\dfrac{1}{a}+a)+\left(\dfrac{4}{b}+b\right)+\left(a+2b\right)\)
Ta thấy: \(\text{}\text{}(\dfrac{1}{a}+a)\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a}\cdot a}=2\)
\(\text{}\text{}\left(\dfrac{4}{b}+b\right)\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{b}\cdot b}=4\)
Do đó: P \(\ge2+4+8=14\)
Vậy: P(min)=14 khi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a}=a\\\dfrac{4}{b}=b\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\b=2\end{matrix}\right..\)
GT => (a+1)(b+1)(c+1)=(a+1)+(b+1)+(c+1)
Đặt \(\frac{1}{a+1}=x,\frac{1}{1+b}=y,\frac{1}{c+1}=z\), ta cần tìm min của\(\frac{x}{x^2+1}+\frac{y}{y^2+1}+\frac{z}{z^2+1}\)với xy+yz+zx=1
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x\left(y+z\right)+y\left(z+x\right)+z\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)Mà (x+y)(y+z)(z+x) >= 8/9 (x+y+z)(xy+yz+xz) >= \(\frac{8\sqrt{3}}{9}\) nên \(M\)=< \(\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\),dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c=\(\sqrt{3}-1\)
Theo giả thiết, ta có: \(abc+ab+bc+ca=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow abc+ab+bc+ca+a+b+c+1=a+b+c+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)=\left(a+1\right)+\left(b+1\right)+\left(c+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(c+1\right)\left(a+1\right)}=1\)
Đặt \(\left(a+1;b+1;c+1\right)\rightarrow\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{x};\frac{\sqrt{3}}{y};\frac{\sqrt{3}}{z}\right)\). Khi đó giả thiết bài toán được viết lại thành xy + yz + zx = 3
Ta có: \(M=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a+1}{a^2+2a+2}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a+1}{\left(a+1\right)^2+1}\)\(=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{1}{a+1+\frac{1}{a+1}}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{3}}{x}+\frac{x}{\sqrt{3}}}\)
\(=\sqrt{3}\left(\frac{x}{x^2+3}+\frac{y}{y^2+3}+\frac{z}{z^2+3}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{3}\text{}\Sigma_{cyc}\left(\frac{x}{x^2+xy+yz+zx}\right)=\sqrt{3}\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{x}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}\)
\(\le\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}\Sigma_{cyc}\left(\frac{x}{x+y}+\frac{x}{x+z}\right)=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)hay \(a=b=c=\sqrt{3}-1\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{2a+3b+3c}=\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{16}.\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{2}{b+c}\right)\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{3a+2b+3c}\le\frac{1}{16}.\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{2}{c+a}\right)\left(2\right)\\\frac{1}{3a+3b+2c}\le\frac{1}{16}.\left(\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{2}{a+b}\right)\left(3\right)\end{cases}}\)
Từ (1), (2), (3) \(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{16}.\left(\frac{4}{a+b}+\frac{4}{b+c}+\frac{4}{c+a}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}.2017=\frac{2017}{4}\)
Bài làm
\(P=2a+3b+\frac{4}{a}+\frac{9}{b}=a+a+2b+b+\frac{4}{a}+\frac{9}{b}\)
\(=\left(a+2b\right)+\left(a+\frac{4}{a}\right)+\left(b+\frac{9}{b}\right)\)
\(\ge8+2\sqrt{a\times\frac{4}{a}}+2\sqrt{b\times\frac{9}{b}}\)( Cauchy )
\(=8+4+6=18\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = 2 ; b = 3
=> MinP = 18 <=> a = 2 ; b = 3
\(P=2a+3b+\frac{4}{a}+\frac{9}{b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P=\left(a+\frac{4}{a}\right)+\left(b+\frac{9}{b}\right)+a+2b\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(P\ge2.\sqrt{a.\frac{4}{a}}+2.\sqrt{b.\frac{9}{b}}+a+2b=2.2+2.3+a+2b\ge4+6+8=18\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=\frac{4}{a}\\b=\frac{9}{b}\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=2\\b=3\end{cases}}\)
Vậy \(P_{min}=18\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=2\\b=3\end{cases}}\)