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vì a,b dương nên BĐT đã cho tương đương với :
\(\frac{a}{b^2}-\frac{1}{b}+\frac{b}{a^2}-\frac{1}{a}+4\left(\frac{4}{a+b}-\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{b}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a-b}{b^2}+\frac{b-a}{a^2}+4.\frac{4ab-\left(a+b\right)^2}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a+b\right)}{a^2b^2}-\frac{4\left(a-b\right)^2}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-4ab\right]\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^4\ge0\)( luôn đúng )
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b
\(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{3}\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{3}+\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(\frac{9}{a+b+c}\right)^2}{3}+\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9}=\frac{3^2}{3}+\frac{2.9}{9}=5\)
2) Theo nguyên lí Dirichlet, trong ba số \(a^2-1;b^2-1;c^2-1\) có ít nhất hai số nằm cùng phía với 1.
Giả sử đó là a2 - 1 và b2 - 1. Khi đó \(\left(a^2-1\right)\left(b^2-1\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow a^2b^2-a^2-b^2+1\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2b^2+3a^2+3b^2+9\ge4a^2+4b^2+8\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2+3\right)\left(b^2+3\right)\ge4\left(a^2+b^2+2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2+3\right)\left(b^2+3\right)\left(c^2+3\right)\ge4\left(a^2+b^2+1+1\right)\left(1+1+c^2+1\right)\) (2)
Mà \(4\left[\left(a^2+b^2+1+1\right)\left(1+1+c^2+1\right)\right]\ge4\left(a+b+c+1\right)^2\) (3)(Áp dụng Bunhicopxki và cái ngoặc vuông)
Từ (2) và (3) ta có đpcm.
Sai thì chịu
Xí quên bài 2 b:v
b) Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(\left(a^2-\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(b^2-\frac{1}{4}\right)\ge0\)
Suy ra \(a^2b^2-\frac{1}{4}a^2-\frac{1}{4}b^2+\frac{1}{16}\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2b^2+a^2+b^2+1\ge\frac{5}{4}a^2+\frac{5}{4}b^2+\frac{15}{16}\)
Hay \(\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\ge\frac{5}{4}\left(a^2+b^2+\frac{3}{4}\right)\)
Suy ra \(\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)\ge\frac{5}{4}\left(a^2+b^2+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}+c^2+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{5}{4}\left(\frac{1}{2}a+\frac{1}{2}b+\frac{1}{2}c+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=\frac{5}{16}\left(a+b+c+1\right)^2\) (Bunhiacopxki) (đpcm)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{2}\)
Đặt \(\left(\frac{1}{a},\frac{1}{b},\frac{1}{c}\right)=\left(x,y,z\right)\)
\(x+y+z\ge\frac{x^2+2xy}{2x+y}+\frac{y^2+2yz}{2y+z}+\frac{z^2+2zx}{2z+x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z\ge\frac{3xy}{2x+y}+\frac{3yz}{2y+z}+\frac{3zx}{2z+x}\)
\(\frac{3xy}{2x+y}\le\frac{3}{9}xy\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)=\frac{1}{3}\left(x+2y\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{3xy}{2x+y}\le\frac{1}{3}\left[\left(x+2y\right)+\left(y+2z\right)+\left(z+2x\right)\right]=x+y+z\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=y=z
Câu 1: Đặt \(S=\frac{x}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1-y^2}}=\frac{x}{\sqrt{\left(1-x\right)\left(x+1\right)}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{\left(1-y\right)\left(y+1\right)}}\)
\(\frac{S}{\sqrt{3}}=\frac{x}{\sqrt{\left(3-3x\right)\left(x+1\right)}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{\left(3-3y\right)\left(y+1\right)}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM: \(\sqrt{\left(3-3x\right)\left(x+1\right)}\le\frac{3-3x+x+1}{2}=\frac{4-2x}{2}=2-x\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{\sqrt{\left(3-3x\right)\left(x+1\right)}}\ge\frac{x}{2-x}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{y}{\sqrt{\left(3-3y\right)\left(y+1\right)}}\ge\frac{y}{2-y}\)
Từ đó: \(\frac{S}{\sqrt{3}}\ge\frac{x}{2-x}+\frac{y}{2-y}=\frac{x^2}{2x-x^2}+\frac{y^2}{2y-y^2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Schwarz: \(\frac{S}{\sqrt{3}}\ge\frac{x^2}{2x-x^2}+\frac{y^2}{2y-y^2}\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2\left(x+y\right)-\left(x^2+y^2\right)}=\frac{1}{2-\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT \(\frac{x^2+y^2}{2}\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}\Rightarrow x^2+y^2\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{S}{\sqrt{3}}\ge\frac{1}{2-\frac{1}{2}}=\frac{2}{3}\Leftrightarrow S\ge\frac{2\sqrt{3}}{3}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\)(ĐPCM).
Dấu bằng có <=> \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\).
Câu 4: Sửa đề CMR: \(abcd\le\frac{1}{81}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{1+a}+\frac{1}{1+b}+\frac{1}{1+c}+\frac{1}{1+d}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{1+a}=\left(1-\frac{1}{1+b}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{1+c}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{1+d}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{1+a}=\frac{b}{1+b}+\frac{c}{1+c}+\frac{d}{1+d}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{bcd}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}}\)(AM-GM)
Tương tự:
\(\frac{1}{1+b}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{acd}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}}\)\(;\frac{1}{1+c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{abd}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+d\right)}}\)
\(\frac{1}{1+d}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{abc}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}}\)
Nhân 4 BĐT trên theo vế thì có:
\(\frac{1}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}\ge81\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(abcd\right)^3}{\left[\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)\right]^3}}\)
\(=81.\frac{abcd}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow81.abcd\le1\Leftrightarrow abcd\le\frac{1}{81}\)(ĐPCM)
Dấu "=" có <=> \(a=b=c=d=\frac{1}{3}\).
Dễ thấy các hệ số tương đồng nhau nên có thể biến đổi bđt về dạng sau :
\(\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{2a^2}{3}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{2b^2}{3}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{2c^2}{3}\right)\ge5\)
Ta đi chứng minh bđt phụ sau : \(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{2a^2}{3}\ge\frac{7}{3}-\frac{2a}{3}\)(1)
\(Bđt\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{2a^2}{3}-\frac{7}{3}+\frac{2a}{3}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{3+2a^4-7a^2+2a^3}{3a^2}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2\left(a^4-2a^2+1\right)+2a^3-3a^2+1}{3a^2}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2\left(a^2-1\right)^2+2a^2\left(a-1\right)-\left(a^2-1\right)}{3a^2}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2\left(a-1\right)^2\left(a+1\right)^2+2a^2\left(a-1\right)-\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}{3a^2}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a-1\right)\left[2\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)^2+2a^2-a-1\right]}{3a^2}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a-1\right)\left[2\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)^2+\left(a-1\right)\left(2a+1\right)\right]}{3a^2}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a-1\right)^2\left[2\left(a+1\right)^2+2a+1\right]}{3a^2}\ge0\)(Luôn đúng do a > 0 nên [...] > 0)
Dấu "=" <=> a = 1
Thiết lập các bđt còn lại \(\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{2b^2}{3}\ge\frac{7}{3}-\frac{2b}{3}\)
\(\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{2c^2}{3}\ge\frac{7}{3}-\frac{2c}{3}\)
Cộng 3 vế của bdtd lại ta được
\(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{3}\ge7-\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{3}=7-\frac{2.3}{3}=5\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1
Bài này bị ngược dấu hả ???
Đây nhé , ta sẽ chứng minh \(\frac{a}{b^2}+\frac{b}{a^2}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\) thật vậy
Áp dụng bđt Cô-si cho 2 số dương ta được
\(\frac{a}{b^2}+\frac{1}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a}{b^2}.\frac{1}{a}}=\frac{2}{b}\)
\(\frac{b}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{2}{b}\)
Cộng 2 bđt lại ta được \(\frac{a}{b^2}+\frac{b}{a^2}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b^2}+\frac{b}{a^2}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\)
Dấu ''=" xảy ra khi a = b
Bài toán quay trở lại với việc c/m \(\frac{16}{a+b}\ge\frac{4}{a}+\frac{4}{b}\)với a,b > 0
Ta có bđt sau \(\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{x+y}\)(Quen thuộc)
Áp dụng ta được \(\frac{4}{a}+\frac{4}{b}=\frac{2^2}{a}+\frac{2^2}{b}\ge\frac{\left(2+2\right)^2}{a+b}=\frac{16}{a+b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{4}{a}+\frac{4}{b}\ge\frac{16}{a+b}???\) Trái với điều cần c/m
=> Đề sai
\(\frac{a}{b^2}+\frac{b}{a^2}+\frac{16}{a+b}\ge5.\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^3+b^3}{a^2b^2}+\frac{16}{a+b}\ge\frac{5.\left(a+b\right)}{ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)}{a^2b^2}+\frac{16}{a+b}\ge\frac{5.\left(a+b\right)}{ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)}{ab}+\frac{16ab}{a+b}\ge5.\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2-ab+b^2}{ab}+\frac{16ab}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\ge5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab}+\frac{16ab}{\left(a+b\right)^2}-1\ge5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab}+\frac{16ab}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\ge6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{ab}+\frac{16ab}{\left(a+b\right)^2}-2\ge6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{ab}+\frac{16ab}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\ge8\) (1)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{ab}+\frac{16ab}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\ge2.\sqrt{\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{ab}.\frac{16ab}{\left(a+b\right)^2}}=2.\sqrt{16}=2.4=8\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b^2}+\frac{b}{a^2}+\frac{16}{a+b}\ge5.\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{ab}=\frac{16ab}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^4=\left(4ab\right)^2\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2=4ab\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow a=b\)