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Em mới lớp 7 nên chỉ biết giải bài 2 thôi
\(\frac{a+b-c}{c}=\frac{a+c-b}{b}=\frac{c+b-a}{a}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b-c}{c}+2=\frac{a+c-b}{b}+2=\frac{c+b-a}{a}+2\)
\(=\frac{a+b}{c}-1+2=\frac{a+c}{b}-1+2=\frac{c+b}{a}-1+2\)
\(=\frac{a+b}{c}+1=\frac{a+c}{b}+1=\frac{c+b}{a}+1\)
\(=\frac{a+b+c}{c}=\frac{a+b+c}{b}=\frac{a+b+c}{a}\)
\(\Rightarrow a=b=c\) Thao vào P ta được :
\(P=\frac{\left(a+a\right)\left(a+a\right)\left(a+a\right)}{a^3}=\frac{2a.2a.2a}{a^3}=\frac{8a^3}{a^3}=8\)
1
xét hiệu \(x^5+y^5-x^4y-xy^4=x^4\left(x-y\right)-y^4\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(x^4-y^4\right)\left(x-y\right)=\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)^2\)
tự lập luộn nha \(\Rightarrow x^5+y^5-x^4y-xy^4\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^5+y^5\ge x^4y+xy^4\)
từ đề bài \(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b-c}=-\frac{b}{c-a}-\frac{c}{a-b}=\frac{-b\left(a-b\right)-c\left(c-a\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)}=\frac{-ab+b^2-c^2+ac}{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{\left(b-c\right)^2}=\frac{-ab+b^2-c^2+ac}{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)
Tương tự : \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{b}{\left(c-a\right)^2}=\frac{-cb+c^2-a^2+ab}{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}\\\frac{c}{\left(a-b\right)^2}=\frac{-ac+a^2-b^2+bc}{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}\end{cases}}\)
Cộng vế với vế ta được : \(\frac{a}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(c-a\right)^2}+\frac{c^2}{\left(a-b\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{-ab+b^2-c^2+ac-bc+c^2-a^2+ab-ac+a^2-b^2+bc}{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}=0\)(đpcm)
a=b=c=1 suy ra Tam giác ABC là tam giác đều vì có độ dài 3 canh = nhau .
\(\left(1+\frac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\frac{c}{a}\right)=8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{abc}=8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(c+b\right)^2\left(a+c\right)^2}{a^2b^2c^2}=64\)
Ta có
\(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab;\left(c+b\right)^2\ge4cb;\left(a+c\right)^2\ge4ac\)
\(\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(c+b\right)^2\left(a+c\right)^2}{a^2b^2c^2}\ge64\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=c\)=> Đó là tam giác đều
Ta có: \(\left(1+\frac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\frac{c}{a}\right)=8\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b}{b}.\frac{b+c}{c}.\frac{a+c}{c}=8\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{abc}=8\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=8abc\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2b+a^2c+b^2c+ab^2+ac^2+bc^2+2abc=8abc\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2b+a^2c+b^2c+ab^2+ac^2+bc^2-6abc=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(ab^2-2abc+ac^2\right)+\left(a^2b-2abc+bc^2\right)+\left(a^2c-2abc+b^2c\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+b\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)+c\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a\left(b-c\right)^2+b\left(a-c\right)^2+c\left(a-b\right)^2=0\)(1)
Vì a, b, c là độ dài các cạnh của tam giác nên a, b, c > 0 (2)
Do đó \(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\\b\left(a-c\right)^2\ge0\\c\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\end{cases}}\)(3)
Từ (1), (2), (3) \(\Rightarrow\left(b-c\right)^2=\left(a-c\right)^2=\left(a-b\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(b-c\right)=\left(a-c\right)=\left(a-b\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
Vậy a, b, c là độ dài ba cạnh của một tam giác đều
b) với mọi a,b,c ϵ R và x,y,z ≥ 0 có :
\(\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}+\frac{c^2}{z}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{x+y+z}\left(1\right)\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra ⇔\(\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}=\frac{c}{z}\)
Thật vậy với a,b∈ R và x,y ≥ 0 ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{x}=\frac{b^2}{y}\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{x+y}\left(2\right)\)
⇔\(\frac{a^2y}{xy}+\frac{b^2x}{xy}\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{x+y}\)
⇔\(\frac{a^2y+b^2x}{xy}\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{x+y}\)
⇔\(\frac{a^2y+b^2x}{xy}.\left(x+y\right)xy\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{x+y}.\left(x+y\right)xy\)
⇔\(\left(a^2y+b^2x\right)\left(x+y\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^2xy\)
⇔\(a^2xy+b^2x^2+a^2y^2+b^2xy\ge a^2xy+2abxy+b^2xy\)
⇔\(b^2x^2+a^2y^2-2abxy\ge0\)
⇔\(\left(bx-ay\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng )
Áp dụng BĐT (2) có:
\(\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}+\frac{c^2}{z}\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{x+y}+\frac{c^2}{z}=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{x+y+z}\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra ⇔\(\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}=\frac{c}{z}\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}
\)
= \(\frac{1}{a^2}.\frac{1}{ab+ac}+\frac{1}{b^2}.\frac{1}{bc+ac}+\frac{1}{c^2}.\frac{1}{ac+bc}\)
=\(\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}}{ab+ac}+\frac{\frac{1}{b^2}}{bc+ab}+\frac{\frac{1}{c^2}}{ac+bc}\)
Áp dụng BĐT (1) ta có:
\(\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}}{ab+ac}+\frac{\frac{1}{b^2}}{bc+ab}+\frac{\frac{1}{c^2}}{ac+bc}\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}++\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}\)
Mà abc=1⇒\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ab=\frac{1}{c}\\bc=\frac{1}{a}\\ac=\frac{1}{b}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}}{ab+ac}+\frac{\frac{1}{b^2}}{bc+ac}+\frac{\frac{1}{c^2}}{ac+bc}\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)}\)
\(\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}}{ab+ac}+\frac{\frac{1}{b^2}}{bc+ac}+\frac{\frac{1}{c^2}}{ac+bc}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
Có \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}=3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{1}}=3\)( BĐT cosi )
⇒\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge3\)
⇒\(\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}}{ab+ac}+\frac{\frac{1}{b^2}}{bc+ac}+\frac{\frac{1}{c^2}}{ac+bc}\ge\frac{1}{2}.3=\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy \(\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Chúc bạn học tốt !!!
