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Bài 1:
Ta có:
\(\text{VT}=\frac{a^2}{a+2b^2}+\frac{b^2}{b+2c^2}+\frac{c^2}{c+2a^2}\)
\(=a-\frac{2ab^2}{a+2b^2}+b-\frac{2bc^2}{b+2c^2}+c-\frac{2ca^2}{c+2a^2}=(a+b+c)-2\left(\frac{ab^2}{a+2b^2}+\frac{bc^2}{b+2c^2}+\frac{ca^2}{c+2a^2}\right)\)
\(=3-2M(*)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy ta có:
\(M=\frac{ab^2}{a+b^2+b^2}+\frac{bc^2}{b+c^2+c^2}+\frac{ca^2}{c+a^2+a^2}\leq \frac{ab^2}{3\sqrt[3]{ab^4}}+\frac{bc^2}{3\sqrt[3]{bc^4}}+\frac{ca^2}{3\sqrt[3]{ca^4}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M\leq \frac{1}{3}(\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2}+\sqrt[3]{b^2c^2}+\sqrt[3]{c^2a^2})\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT Cauchy:
\(\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2}+\sqrt[3]{b^2c^2}+\sqrt[3]{c^2a^2}\leq \frac{ab+ab+1}{3}+\frac{bc+bc+1}{3}+\frac{ca+ca+1}{3}=\frac{2(ab+bc+ac)+3}{3}\)
Mà \(ab+bc+ac\leq \frac{(a+b+c)^2}{3}=3\) (quen thuộc)
\(\Rightarrow M\leq \frac{1}{3}.\frac{2.3+3}{3}=1(**)\)
Từ \((*);(**)\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq 3-2.1=1\)
(đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $a=b=c=1$
Bài 2:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy -Schwarz:
\(\text{VT}=\frac{a^3}{a^2+a^2b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+b^2c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+a^2c^2}\geq \frac{(a\sqrt{a}+b\sqrt{b}+c\sqrt{c})^2}{a^2+a^2b^2+b^2+b^2c^2+c^2+c^2a^2}\)
hay:
\(\text{VT}\geq \frac{(a\sqrt{a}+b\sqrt{b}+c\sqrt{c})^2}{1+a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2}(*)\)
Mặt khác, theo BĐT Cauchy ta dễ thấy:
\(a^4+b^4+c^4\geq a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\)
\(\Rightarrow (a^2+b^2+c^2)^2\geq 3(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 1\geq 3(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2)\Rightarrow a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\leq \frac{1}{3}(**)\)
Từ \((*);(**)\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq \frac{(a\sqrt{a}+b\sqrt{b}+c\sqrt{c})^2}{1+\frac{1}{3}}=\frac{3}{4}(a\sqrt{a}+b\sqrt{b}+c\sqrt{c})^2\)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Bài 1
\(VT=\dfrac{a^2}{ab^2+abc+ac^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2b+abc+a^2b}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2c+abc+b^2c}\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy dạng phân thức
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab\left(a+b\right)+abc+ac\left(a+c\right)+abc+bc\left(b+c\right)+abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab\left(a+b+c\right)+ac\left(a+b+c\right)+bc\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{ab+bc+ac}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Bài 2
\(VT=\left(\sqrt{a^2}+\sqrt{b^2}+\sqrt{c^2}\right)\left[\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{b+c}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{b}}{c+a}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{c}}{a+b}\right)^2\right]\)
Áp dụng bđt Bunhiacopxki ta có
\(VT\ge\left(\sqrt{a}.\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{b+c}+\sqrt{b}.\dfrac{\sqrt{b}}{c+a}+\sqrt{c}.\dfrac{\sqrt{c}}{a+b}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\right)^2\)
Xét \(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy dạng phân thức ta có
\(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}=\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ca+bc}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}=\dfrac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\right)^2\ge\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2=\dfrac{9}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{9}{4}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu '' = '' xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{ab+a+2}=\dfrac{1}{ab+1+a+1}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{ab+1}+\dfrac{1}{a+1}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{abc}{ab+abc}+\dfrac{1}{a+1}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{abc}{ab\left(c+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{a+1}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{c}{c+1}+\dfrac{1}{a+1}\right)\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta cũng có:
\(\dfrac{1}{bc+b+2}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+1}+\dfrac{1}{b+1}\right);\dfrac{1}{ca+c+2}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{b}{b+1}+\dfrac{1}{c+1}\right)\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{a+1}{a+1}+\dfrac{b+1}{b+1}+\dfrac{c+1}{c+1}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\cdot3=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM và Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(VT=\dfrac{a^2}{a+abc}+\dfrac{b^2}{b+abc}+\dfrac{c^2}{c+abc}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c+3abc}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c+\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{3}}=\dfrac{3\left(a+b+c\right)}{3+ab+bc+ca}\)
Tức cần chứng minh \(\dfrac{3\left(a+b+c\right)}{3+ab+bc+ca}\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a+b+c\right)\ge3+ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9\left(a+b+c\right)^2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+bc+ca\right)^2\)
Đặt \(a^2+b^2+c^2=k\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(k\ge1\right)\) và ta cần cm:
\(9(k+2)k\geq(3k+1)^2\)\(\Leftrightarrow12k-1\ge9\) *đúng với \(k\ge 1\) :|*
a) BĐT cần cm tương đương ;
\(a-\dfrac{ab^2}{1+b^2}+b-\dfrac{bc^2}{1+c^2}+a-\dfrac{a^2c}{1+a^2}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3-\left(\dfrac{ab^2}{1+b^2}+\dfrac{bc^2}{1+c^2}+\dfrac{ac^2}{1+c^2}\right)\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{ab^2}{1+b^2}+\dfrac{bc^2}{1+c^2}+\dfrac{ac^2}{1+c^2}\right)\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ab^2}{1+b^2}\le\dfrac{ab^2}{2b}=\dfrac{ab}{2}\)
tương tự rồi cộng vế theo vế các BĐT lại
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ab^2}{1+b^2}+\dfrac{bc^2}{1+c^2}+\dfrac{ac^2}{1+c^2}\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ac}{2}\)
mặt khác \(ab+bc+ac\le\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ab^2}{1+b^2}+\dfrac{bc^2}{1+c^2}+\dfrac{ac^2}{1+c^2}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
ĐPCM
Đặt \(\left(\sqrt{a};\sqrt{b};\sqrt{c}\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow x+y+z=1\)
BĐT trở thành: \(\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2+2z^2}}+\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt{y^2+z^2+2x^2}}+\dfrac{zx}{\sqrt{x^2+z^2+2y^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Ta có:
\(x^2+z^2+y^2+z^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+z\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(y+z\right)^2\ge\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2+2z^2}}\le\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{xy}{x+z}+\dfrac{xy}{y+z}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt{y^2+z^2+2x^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{yz}{x+y}+\dfrac{yz}{x+z}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{zx}{\sqrt{z^2+x^2+2y^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{zx}{x+y}+\dfrac{zx}{y+z}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{zx+yz}{x+y}+\dfrac{xy+zx}{y+z}+\dfrac{yz+xy}{z+x}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\) hay \(a=b=c\)
Từ BĐT \(3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\le\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca\le\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge1+\dfrac{3}{\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}\ge\dfrac{6}{a+b+c}\)
Cần chứng minh \(1+\dfrac{3}{\dfrac{t^2}{3}}-\dfrac{6}{t}\ge0\left(t=a+b+c\right)\)\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(t-3\right)^2}{t^2}\ge0\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\((a+b+1)(a+b+c^2)\geq (a+b+c)^2\Rightarrow a+b+1\geq \frac{(a+b+c)^2}{a+b+c^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a+b+1}\leq \frac{a+b+c^2}{(a+b+c)^2}\)
Tương tự cho các phân thức còn lại, suy ra:
\(1\leq \frac{1}{a+b+1}+\frac{1}{b+c+1}+\frac{1}{a+c+1}\leq \frac{a+b+c^2}{(a+b+c)^2}+\frac{b+c+a^2}{(a+b+c)^2}+\frac{c+a+b^2}{(a+b+c)^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 1\leq \frac{2(a+b+c)+a^2+b^2+c^2}{(a+b+c)^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a+b+c)^2\leq 2(a+b+c)+a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac\leq a+b+c\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $a=b=c=1$