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1,
\(\frac{a}{1+\frac{b}{a}}+\frac{b}{1+\frac{c}{b}}+\frac{c}{1+\frac{a}{c}}=\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{c^2}{c+a}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\ge\frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}}{2}=\frac{2}{2}=1\left(Q.E.D\right)\)
Ta có
\(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c+ab}}=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c\left(a+b+c\right)+ab}}\)\(=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}\)\(=\sqrt{\frac{a}{c+a}}.\sqrt{\frac{b}{c+b}}\)\(\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{c+a}+\frac{b}{c+b}\right)\)
Tương tự, ta có
\(\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a+bc}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}\right)\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{ca}{b+ca}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{c}{c+b}+\frac{a}{b+a}\right)}\)
Cộng vế theo vế của 3 bđt ta được đpcm
Ta thấy: \(\frac{a^2}{b}-2a+b=\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{b}\)
\(\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}-\frac{a+b}{2}=\frac{a^2-ab+b^2-\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{b}}{\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}+\frac{a+b}{2}}=\frac{3\left(a-b\right)^2}{4\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}+2a+2b}\)
Bất đẳng thức tương đương với:
\(\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{b}+\frac{\left(b-c\right)^2}{c}+\frac{\left(c-a\right)^2}{c}\ge\)
\(\frac{3\left(a-b\right)^2}{4\sqrt{a^2+b^2-2ab}+2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{3\left(b-c\right)^2}{4\sqrt{b^2+c^2-bc}+2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{3\left(c-a\right)^2}{b\sqrt{c^2+a^2-ca}+2\left(c+a\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left[\frac{1}{b}-\frac{3}{4\sqrt{a^2+b^2-2ab}+2\left(a+b\right)}\right]+\left(b-c\right)^2\left[\frac{1}{c}-\frac{3}{4\sqrt{b^2+c^2-2bc}+2\left(b+c\right)}\right]\)
\(+\left(c-a\right)^2\left[\frac{1}{c}-\frac{3}{4\sqrt{c^2+a^2-ca}+2\left(c+a\right)}\right]\ge0\)
Ta đặt:
\(A=\frac{1}{b}-\frac{3}{4\sqrt{a^2+b^2-2ab}+2\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(B=\frac{1}{c}-\frac{3}{4\sqrt{b^2+c^2-2bc}+2\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(C=\frac{1}{c}-\frac{3}{4\sqrt{c^2+a^2-ca}+2\left(c+a\right)}\)
Chứng mình sẽ hoàn tất nếu ta chứng minh được A,B,C\(\ge0\), vậy:
\(A=\frac{1}{b}-\frac{3}{4\sqrt{a^2+b^2-2ab}+2\left(a+b\right)}=\frac{4\sqrt{a^2+b^2-2ab}+2a+b}{4\sqrt{a^2+b^2-2ab}+2\left(a+b\right)}\ge0\)
\(B=\frac{1}{c}-\frac{3}{4\sqrt{b^2+c^2-2bc}+2\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{4\sqrt{b^2+c^2-2bc}+2b+c}{4\sqrt{b^2+c^2-2bc}+2\left(b+c\right)}\ge0\)
\(C=\frac{1}{c}-\frac{3}{4\sqrt{c^2+a^2-ca}+2\left(c+a\right)}=\frac{4\sqrt{c^2+a^2-ca}+2c+a}{4\sqrt{c^2+a^2-ca}+2\left(c+a\right)}\ge0\)
Vậy biểu thức đã được chứng mình.
Đặt \(a=\frac{1}{x};b=\frac{1}{y};c=\frac{1}{z}\)thì \(x,y,z>0\)và ta cần chứng minh \(\frac{x}{\sqrt{3zx+yz}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{3xy+zx}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{3yz+xy}}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{x\sqrt{3zx+yz}}+\frac{y^2}{y\sqrt{3xy+zx}}+\frac{z^2}{z\sqrt{3yz+xy}}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng phân thức, ta có: \(\frac{x^2}{x\sqrt{3zx+yz}}+\frac{y^2}{y\sqrt{3xy+zx}}+\frac{z^2}{z\sqrt{3yz+xy}}\ge\)\(\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x\sqrt{3zx+yz}+y\sqrt{3xy+zx}+z\sqrt{3yz+xy}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz, ta có: \(x\sqrt{3zx+yz}+y\sqrt{3xy+zx}+z\sqrt{3yz+xy}\)\(=\sqrt{x}.\sqrt{3zx^2+xyz}+\sqrt{y}.\sqrt{3xy^2+xyz}+\sqrt{y}.\sqrt{3yz^2+xyz}\)\(\le\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)\left[3\left(xy^2+yz^2+zx^2+xyz\right)\right]}\)
Ta cần chứng minh \(\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)\left[3\left(xy^2+yz^2+zx^2+xyz\right)\right]}\le\frac{2}{3}\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^4\ge\frac{9}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)\left[3\left(xy^2+yz^2+zx^2+xyz\right)\right]\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^3\ge\frac{27}{4}\left(xy^2+yz^2+zx^2+xyz\right)\)(*)
Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(y=mid\left\{x,y,z\right\}\)thì khi đó \(\left(y-x\right)\left(y-z\right)\le0\Leftrightarrow y^2+zx\le xy+yz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy^2+zx^2\le x^2y+xyz\Leftrightarrow xy^2+yz^2+zx^2+xyz\le\)\(x^2y+yz^2+2xyz=y\left(z+x\right)^2=4y.\frac{z+x}{2}.\frac{z+x}{2}\)
\(\le\frac{4}{27}\left(y+\frac{z+x}{2}+\frac{z+x}{2}\right)^3=\frac{4\left(x+y+z\right)^3}{27}\)
Như vậy (*) đúng
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c
\(A=\frac{\frac{1}{2}a^2\left(\sqrt[3]{b}+\sqrt[3]{c}+1\right)\left[\left(\sqrt[3]{b}-\sqrt[3]{c}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt[3]{b}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt[3]{c}-1\right)^2\right]}{2\left(a+2\right)\left(a+\sqrt[3]{bc}\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a^2}{a+\sqrt[3]{bc}}=\Sigma_{cyc}A+\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{2\left(a-1\right)^2}{3\left(a+2\right)}+\frac{5}{6}\left(a+b+c\right)-1\ge\frac{5}{6}\left(a+b+c\right)-1=\frac{3}{2}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cộng mẫu số
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{a+\sqrt[3]{bc}}+\frac{b^2}{b+\sqrt[3]{ca}}+\frac{c^2}{c+\sqrt[3]{ab}}\)\(\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c+\sqrt[3]{bc}+\sqrt[3]{ca}+\sqrt[3]{ab}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{a+\sqrt[3]{bc}}+\frac{b^2}{b+\sqrt[3]{ca}}+\frac{c^2}{c+\sqrt[3]{ab}}\)\(\ge\frac{9}{3+\sqrt[3]{bc}+\sqrt[3]{ca}+\sqrt[3]{ab}}\)
Chứng minh rằng : \(\frac{9}{3+\sqrt[3]{bc}+\sqrt[3]{ca}+\sqrt[3]{ab}}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow18\ge3\left(3+\sqrt[3]{bc}+\sqrt[3]{ca}+\sqrt[3]{ab}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow18\ge9+3\sqrt[3]{bc}+3\sqrt[3]{ca}+3\sqrt[3]{ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9\ge3\sqrt[3]{ab}+3\sqrt[3]{bc}+3\sqrt[3]{ca}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho 3 bộ số thực không âm
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a+b+1\ge3\sqrt[3]{ab}\\b+c+1\ge3\sqrt[3]{bc}\\c+a+1\ge3\sqrt[3]{ca}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a+b+c\right)+3\ge3\sqrt[3]{ab}+3\sqrt[3]{bc}+3\sqrt[3]{ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow9\ge3\sqrt[3]{ab}+3\sqrt[3]{bc}+3\sqrt[3]{ca}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Vì \(\frac{9}{3+\sqrt[3]{bc}+\sqrt[3]{ca}+\sqrt[3]{ab}}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Mà \(\frac{a^2}{a+\sqrt[3]{bc}}+\frac{b^2}{b+\sqrt[3]{ca}}+\frac{c^2}{c+\sqrt[3]{ab}}\ge\frac{9}{3+\sqrt[3]{bc}+\sqrt[3]{ca}+\sqrt[3]{ab}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{a+\sqrt[3]{bc}}+\frac{b^2}{b+\sqrt[3]{ca}}+\frac{c^2}{c+\sqrt[3]{ab}}\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt !!!
\(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c+ab}}=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c\left(a+b+c\right)+ab}}=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a+bc}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}\right)\) ; \(\sqrt{\frac{ca}{b+ca}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{a+b}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế: \(VT\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{c}{a+c}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Đặt đẳng thức là A. Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM ta có:
\(\sqrt{2b\left(a-b\right)}\le\frac{2b+\left(a+b\right)}{2}=\frac{a+3b}{2}\)
Từ đó: \(A\ge\frac{2a\sqrt{2}}{a+3b}+\frac{2b\sqrt{2}}{b+3c}+\frac{2c\sqrt{2}}{c+3a}\)
Ta sẽ chứng minh: \(M=\frac{a}{a+3b}+\frac{b}{b+3c}+\frac{c}{c+3a}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
Thật vậy, ta có: \(M=\frac{a^2}{a^2+3ab}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+3bc}+\frac{c^2}{c^2+3ca}\)
Theo BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(ab+bc+ca\le a^2+b^2+c^2\)
Áp dụng BĐT cauchy ta được:
\(M\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\frac{4}{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\frac{8}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)\(=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\frac{4}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{3}{4}\)
Vì vậy: \(\frac{a}{a+3b}+\frac{b}{b+3c}+\frac{c}{c+3a}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
Từ đó ta có: \(A\ge\frac{2a\sqrt{2}}{a+3b}+\frac{2b\sqrt{2}}{b+3c}+\frac{2c\sqrt{2}}{c+3a}\ge2\sqrt{2}.\frac{3}{4}=\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
Vậy đẳng thức xảy xa khi và chỉ khi a=b=c