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\(M=1-2+2^2-2^3+2^4-2^5+...+2^{98}-2^{99}\)
\(=1-\left(2-2^2\right)-\left(2^3-2^4\right)-...-\left(2^{98}-2^{99}\right)\)
\(=1-2\left(1-2\right)-2^2\left(1-2\right)-...-2^{98}\left(1-2\right)\)
\(=1+2+2^2+...+2^{98}\)
\(2M=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{99}\)
\(2M-M=\left(2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{99}\right)-\left(1+2+2^2+...+2^{98}\right)\)
\(M=2^{99}-1\)
\(A=2+2^2+...+2^{200}\)
\(2A=2^2+2^3+...+2^{200}+2^{201}\)
\(\Rightarrow2A-A=2^{201}-2\)
\(\Rightarrow A=2^{201}-2\)
c) \(\dfrac{x+4}{20}=\dfrac{5}{x+4}\)
⇔\(\left(x+4\right)\left(x+4\right)=100\)
⇔\(\left(x+4\right)^2=10^2\)
⇔\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+4=10\\x+4=-10\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=6\\x=-14\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(c,ĐK:x\ne-4\\ PT\Leftrightarrow\left(x+4\right)^2=100\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+4=10\\x+4=-10\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=6\left(tm\right)\\x=-14\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ d,ĐK:x\ne-2;x\ne-3\\ PT\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)=\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2+2x-3=x^2-4\\ \Leftrightarrow2x=-1\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(tm\right)\)
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\\\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(\dfrac{a}{c}\right)^2=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(c-d\right)^2}\\\left(\dfrac{a}{c}\right)^2=\dfrac{ab}{cd}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ab}{cd}=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(c-d\right)^2}\)
\(x:y:z=3:5:\left(-2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{-2}\)
Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:
\(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{-2}=\dfrac{5x}{15}=\dfrac{3z}{-6}=\dfrac{5x-y+3z}{15-5-6}=-\dfrac{16}{4}=-4\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\left(-4\right).3=-12\\y=\left(-4\right).5=-20\\z=\left(-4\right).\left(-2\right)=8\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x-3\right)^2+10\ge10\\ A_{min}=10\Leftrightarrow x-3=0\Leftrightarrow x=3\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x-3\right)^2+10\ge10\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=3
c) \(2x=3y=5z\)⇒\(\dfrac{x}{15}=\dfrac{y}{10}=\dfrac{z}{6}\)
Áp dụng tính chát dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:
\(\dfrac{x}{15}=\dfrac{y}{10}=\dfrac{z}{6}=\dfrac{x+y-z}{15+10-6}=\dfrac{95}{19}=5\)
⇒\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5.15=75\\y=5.10=50\\z=5.6=30\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(A=1+2+2^2+...+2^{101}\)
\(2A=2+2^2+...+2^{102}\)
\(2A=\left(2+2^2+...+2^{102}\right)-\left(1+2+2^2+...+2^{101}\right)\)
\(A=2^{102}-1\)
\(B=5.2^{100}>2^{102}\)
Mà \(2^{102}>2^{102}-1\)
Nên B>A