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Mg+2HCl->MgCl2+H2
x------2x--------x---------x
2Al+6HCl->2AlCl3+3H2
y---------3y-----y--------3\2y
ta có :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+27y=11,7\\x+\dfrac{3}{2}y=0,6\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>x=0,15 mol, y=0,3 mol
=>%mMg=\(\dfrac{0,15.24}{11,7}.100=30,77\%\)
=>%mAl=100-30,77=69,23%
b)
m HCl=1,2.36,5=43,8g
=>C%=\(\dfrac{43,8}{200}.100\)=21,9%
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=c\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) => 65a + 56b + 27c = 10,65 (1)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
=> \(n_{H_2}=a+b+1,5c=\dfrac{5,04}{22,4}=0,225\left(mol\right)\) (2)
PTHH: Zn + Cl2 --to--> ZnCl2
2Fe + 3Cl2 --to--> 2FeCl3
2Al + 3Cl2 --to--> 2AlCl3
=> \(n_{Cl_2}=a+1,5b+1,5c=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\) (3)
(1)(2)(3) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b=0,05\left(mol\right)\\c=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=0,1.65=6,5\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,05.56=2,8\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=0,05.27=1,35\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{10,65}.100\%=61,033\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{2,8}{10,65}.100\%=26,291\%\\\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{1,35}{10,65}.100\%=12,676\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) nHCl = 2a + 2b + 3c = 0,45 (mol)
=> mHCl = 0,45.36,5 = 16,425 (g)
=> \(a\%=C\%=\dfrac{16,425}{200}.100\%=8,2125\%\)
c) mdd sau pư = 10,65 + 200 - 0,225.2 = 210,2 (g)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.136}{210,2}.100\%=6,47\%\\C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,05.127}{210,2}.100\%=3,02\%\\C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,05.133,5}{210,2}.100\%=3,176\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Gọi số mol Mg, Fe, Al là a, b, c
=> 24a + 56b + 27c = 23,8
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
a------------------------->a
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b------------------------->b
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
c------------------------->1,5c
=> a + b + 1,5c = \(\dfrac{17,92}{22,4}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + Cl2 --to--> MgCl2
a-->a
2Fe + 3Cl2 --to--> 2FeCl3
b--->1,5b
2Al + 3Cl2 --to--> 2AlCl3
c--->1,5c
=> \(a+1,5b+1,5c=\dfrac{20,16}{22,4}=0,9\left(mol\right)\)
=> a = 0,3; b = 0,2; c = 0,2
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,3.24=7,2\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> 56a + 24b = 18,4 (1)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
a-->2a------>a------>a
Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
b--->2b------->b------>b
=> \(a+b=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\) (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,2 (mol); b = 0,3 (mol)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,2.56}{18,4}.100\%=60,87\%\\\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,3.24}{18,4}.100\%=39,13\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=2a+2b=1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{HCl\left(tt\right)}=\dfrac{1.125}{100}=1,25\left(mol\right)\)
=> mHCl(tt) = 1,25.36,5 = 45,625 (g)
=> \(a=\dfrac{45,625.100}{18,25}=250\left(g\right)\)
c)
mdd sau pư = 18,4 + 250 - 0,5.2 = 267,4 (g)
\(C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.127}{267,4}.100\%=9,5\%\)
\(C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,3.95}{267,4}.100\%=10,66\%\)
$a)$
Đặt $n_{Al}=x(mol);n_{Fe}=y(mol)$
$\to 27x+56y=13,75(1)$
Bảo toàn e: $1,5x+y=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5(2)$
Từ $(1)(2)\to x=0,25(mol);y=0,125(mol)$
$\to \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,25.27}{13,75}.100\%\approx 49,09\%$
$\to \%m_{Fe}=100-49,09=50,91\%$
$b)$
Bảo toàn H: $n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=1(mol)$
$\to a=\dfrac{1.36,5.120\%}{18,25\%}=240(g)$
$c)$
Bảo toàn Al,Fe: $n_{AlCl_3}=0,25(mol);n_{FeCl_2}=0,125(mol)$
$m_{dd_{HCl(p/ứ)}}=\dfrac{1.36,5}{18,25\%}=200(g)$
Ta có $m_{dd\, sau}=13,75+200-0,5.2=212,75(g)$
$\to \begin{cases} C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,25.133,5}{212,75}.100\%=15,69\%\\ C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,125.127}{212,75}.100\%=7,46\% \end{cases}$
\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{13.44}{22.4}=0.6\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11.2}{22.4}=0.5\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=a+1.5b=0.5\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Cl_2}=1.5a+1.5b=0.6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a=b=0.2\)
\(m_X=0.2\cdot\left(56+27\right)=16.6\left(g\right)\)
a)
Gọi công thức chung của 2 kim loại là X
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: X + 2HCl --> XCl2 + H2
0,4<------------------0,4
=> \(\overline{M}_X=\dfrac{12}{0,4}=30\left(g/mol\right)\)
Mà 2 kim loại thuộc nhóm IIA, liên tiếp nhau
=> 2 kim loại là Mg, Ca
b) Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Ca}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> 24a + 40b = 12 (1)
Và a + b = 0,4 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,25 (mol); b = 0,15 (mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,25.24=6\left(g\right)\\m_{Ca}=0,15.40=6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
c)
\(n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
=> mHCl = 0,8.36,5 = 29,2 (g)
=> \(a=\dfrac{29,2.100}{18,25}=160\left(g\right)\)
d)
mdd sau pư = 12 + 160 - 0,4.2 = 171,2 (g)
\(n_{MgCl_2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\) => \(m_{MgCl_2}=0,25.95=23,75\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{CaCl_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\) => \(m_{CaCl_2}=0,15.111=16,65\left(g\right)\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{23,75}{171,2}.100\%=13,87\%\\C\%_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{16,65}{171,2}.100\%=9,73\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Sửa: $V_{H_2}=7,168(l)$
$a\bigg)$
Đặt $n_{Mg}=x;n_{Fe}=y;n_{Al}=z$
$\to 24x+56y+27z=9,52(1)$
$n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,168}{22,4}=0,32(mol)$
$n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{8,064}{22,4}=0,36(mol)$
BTe: $x+y+1,5z=n_{H_2}=0,32(2)$
BTe: $x+1,5y+1,5z=n_{Cl_2}=0,36(3)$
Từ $(1)(2)(3)\to x=0,12(mol);y=0,08(mol);z=0,08(mol)$
$\to \begin{cases} \%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,12.24}{9,52}.100\%=30,25\%\\ \%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,08.56}{9,52}.100\%=47,06\%\\ \%m_{Al}=100-47,06-30,25=22,69\% \end{cases}$
$b\bigg)$
Bảo toàn H: $n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,64(mol)$
$\to C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,64}{0,2}=3,2M$
$\to a=3,2$
$c\bigg)$
Dung dịch sau gồm $MgCl_2,FeCl_2,AlCl_3$
Bảo toàn $Mg,Al,Fe:n_{MgCl_2}=0,12(mol);n_{AlCl_3}=n_{FeCl_2}=0,08(mol)$
$\to C_{M_{MgCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,12}{0,2}=0,6M$
$\to C_{M_{AlCl_3}}=C_{M_{FeCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,08}{0,2}=0,4M$
$a\bigg)$
Đặt $n_{Mg}=x;n_{Fe}=y;n_{Al}=z$
$\to 24x+56y+27z=9,52(1)$
$n_{H_2}=\dfrac{14,336}{22,4}=0,64(mol)$
$n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{8,064}{22,4}=0,36(mol)$
BTe: $x+y+1,5z=n_{H_2}=0,64(2)$
BTe: $x+1,5y+1,5z=n_{Cl_2}=0,36(3)$
Từ $(1)(2)(3)\to$ nghiệm âm, xem lại đề